REVIEW article
Front. Pharmacol.
Sec. Cardiovascular and Smooth Muscle Pharmacology
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1576091
Advances in the treatment of lower-extremity ischemia-reperfusion injury
Provisionally accepted
Jin Peng1,2,3Tang Deng1,4Xunkai Wang1,2,3Jinxi Liang5Jiangpeng Wu1,2,3Binglong Li1,2,3Jun Lv1,2,3Shenmei Wu1,2,3Shijie Zhong1,2,3*
Chen Yao4*
Guiyun Jin1,2,3*- 1Department of Interventional radiology and vascular surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan Province, China
- 2Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- 3Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma Ministry of Education, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan Province, China
- 4Division of Vascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- 5Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Region, China
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Lower-limb ischemia–reperfusion injury (LL-IRI) is a frequent and serious complication following reperfusion therapy for lower-limb arterial occlusion. It can be caused by trauma, arterial stenosis, thrombotic occlusion, and atherosclerosis. As a prevalent peripheral vascular disease, LL-IRI results in local tissue damage and triggers systemic inflammatory responses that can lead to multiple-organ dysfunction syndrome, as well as multiorgan failure and death in severe cases. Despite its clinical significance, the mechanisms underlying IRI remain poorly understood, and no specific targeted drugs or effective emergency interventions are currently available. Therefore, this review provides a comprehensive analysis of the domestic and international literature published over the past decade regarding the disease definition, pathogenesis, and therapeutic advances in LL-IRI. It summarizes current pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions, including antioxidant stress management, anti-inflammatory approaches, and oxidative stress reduction strategies. This review aims to advance the exploration of LL-IRI pathogenesis and proposes novel therapeutic perspectives for innovative drug development.
Keywords: Ischemia-reperfusion, Lower limbs, antioxidant, Oxidative Stress, Treatment
Received: 13 Feb 2025; Accepted: 14 May 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Peng, Deng, Wang, Liang, Wu, Li, Lv, Wu, Zhong, Yao and Jin. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Shijie Zhong, Department of Interventional radiology and vascular surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan Province, China
Chen Yao, Division of Vascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
Guiyun Jin, Department of Interventional radiology and vascular surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan Province, China
Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.