Licochalcone A Suppresses Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Progression by Targeting eEF2K-Mediated Pyroptosis

Junjie Peng¹Hiu Tung Chan¹Wenqing Chen¹Ken Kin Lam Yung²King-Ho CHEUNG^1*Zhu ZHANG^1*

• ¹Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR China
• ²The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong, SAR China

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), a highly aggressive malignancy with rising incidence and low survival rates, urgently requires novel therapeutic strategies to overcome the limitations of current treatments like gemcitabine. Licochalcone A (LHA), a bioactive flavonoid from Glycyrrhiza species, exhibits anticancer properties in multiple cancers, yet its efficacy and mechanisms in PDAC remain unexplored. This study aims to investigate the anticancer potential of LHA in PDAC. In vitro assays demonstrated that LHA dose-dependently inhibited PDAC cell proliferation and induced pyroptosis, a lytic inflammatory cell death, while autophagy inhibition synergistically enhanced the cytotoxicity of LHA. Furthermore, LHA suppressed the migration of PDAC cells. Mechanistically, molecular docking and functional studies revealed that LHA directly binds to eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase (eEF2K), reducing its expression and the downstream phosphorylation of eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (p-eEF2). Notably, eEF2K overexpression reversed LHA-induced pyroptosis in PDAC cells. In vivo, LHA significantly reduced tumor growth and altered tumor histopathology in a PDAC xenograft model, accompanied by downregulated eEF2K and upregulated pyroptosis executors (GSDMD/GSDME). Collectively, these findings identify LHA as a dual-function agent: a natural eEF2K inhibitor and a pyroptosis inducer with potent antitumor activity against PDAC. This study provides a foundational rationale for further clinical exploration of LHA as a promising chemotherapeutic or adjuvant to improve PDAC treatment outcomes.