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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Pharmacol.

Sec. Ethnopharmacology

Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1611507

This article is part of the Research TopicAdvancements in Bioactive Nanomaterials for Disease ManagementView all 3 articles

Green Synthesis of Colocasia esculenta-based Silver Nanoparticles: Characterization and Transdermal Delivery for Anti-Inflammatory Applications

Provisionally accepted
Xiaobo WangXiaobo Wang1Wanjuan WangWanjuan Wang2Areeba EjazAreeba Ejaz3Maira MehmoodMaira Mehmood3Nadeem AhmadNadeem Ahmad3Imran NazirImran Nazir3Yasser ShahzadYasser Shahzad3Tianshuo BaiTianshuo Bai4*
  • 1Hejin Wang Xiaobo Dermatology Clinic, Hejin, China
  • 2The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
  • 3COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
  • 4Xi’an XD Group Hospital, Xi'an, China

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The current study aims to develop chitosan transdermal patches containing Ag-NPs synthesized and characterized from C. esculenta to reduce inflammation. Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) were prepared utilizing C. esculenta extract and characterized through FTIR, SEM, XRD, zeta potential measurements, and particle size analysis. The Ag-NPs were incorporated into chitosanbased transdermal patches, which were assessed for physicochemical properties, dermal compatibility, and anti-inflammatory effectiveness. In-vitro protein denaturation and in-vivo carrageenan-induced paw oedema models evaluated anti-inflammatory efficacy. Characterization verified that the Ag-NPs were stable and spherical. The transdermal patches were biocompatible, had uniform thickness, and were extremely adhesive. The anti-inflammatory effects of Ag-NPloaded patches were found to be superior to those of diclofenac sodium in in-vivo studies, while in-vitro studies revealed a notable inhibition of protein denaturation (p < 0.05). The current study offers new evidence that transdermal drug delivery systems derived from C. esculenta can effectively and sustainably manage inflammation.

Keywords: C. esculenta extract, Green synthesis, anti-inflammatory, Transdermal patches, Exvivo permeation

Received: 23 May 2025; Accepted: 18 Jul 2025.

Copyright: © 2025 Wang, Wang, Ejaz, Mehmood, Ahmad, Nazir, Shahzad and Bai. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

* Correspondence: Tianshuo Bai, Xi’an XD Group Hospital, Xi'an, China

Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.

Supplementary Material