ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Pharmacol.
Sec. Ethnopharmacology
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1647514
This article is part of the Research TopicThe Vascular System: Effects of Traditional Medicines and Mechanism of ActionView all 15 articles
Exploring the effects of Xinnaoning capsule in microcirculatory dysfunction model rats through laser speckle contrast imaging and metabolomics
Provisionally accepted
- 1School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- 2The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- 3Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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Background: Microcirculatory dysfunction leads to a number of diseases and worsens prognosis. Blood-activating drugs like Xinnaoning capsule may improve circulation, but its pharmacological effects in microcirculatory dysfunction remains unclear.Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine the pharmacological effect of Xinnaoning capsules in treating microcirculatory dysfunction.Methods: Adrenaline and icy water stimuli were used to establish a rat model of acute microcirculatory dysfunction. Detecting laser speckle contrast imaging, coagulation function, hemorheology, and the Elisa assay were conducted to investigate the effect of Xinnaoning capsule on microcirculation in rats. In addition, untargeted metabolomics was applied to character the therapeutic effect of Xinnaoning systematically from the perspective of endogenous terminal metabolites.Results: Laser speckle contrast imaging showed that model rats suffered low perfusion in ears, feet and tails, and Xinnaoning capsule treatment increased microcirculatory blood flow. Xinnaoning capsule diminished the reduction of thrombin time, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time and the elevated fibrinogen level caused by acute microcirculatory dysfunction. Xinnaoning capsule could recover the increased blood viscosity as well as the abnormal vasomotor and microcirculation function in model rats. Furthermore, Xinnaoning capsule intervention could alter metabolic state in model rats, which was characterized by the abnormality metabolites mainly in pathway of phospholipids and arachidonic acid metabolism.The macroscopic image and microscopic indicators elucidated that Xinnaoning capsule was highly effective against microcirculatory dysfunction. The present study provided a new perspective on the clinical application of Xinnaoning capsule, and contributed to explore novel therapeutic drug against microcirculatory dysfunction.
Keywords: Xinnaoning Capsule, microcirculatory dysfunction, laser speckle contrast imaging, Metabolomics, Pharmacological effects
Received: 15 Jun 2025; Accepted: 28 Jul 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Sun, Li, Du, Ren, Jin, Yan and Xiao. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Shikai Yan, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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