REVIEW article
Front. Pharmacol.
Sec. Ethnopharmacology
Scorpion (Buthus martensii Karsch) in Chinese Medicine: A Review of Traditional Uses, Chemical Constituents, Pharmacology, and Toxicology
Provisionally accepted
- Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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The processed Buthus martensii Karsch scorpions, commonly called Quanxie or Scorpio, have been a valuable traditional medicine for over a millennium, with documented use dating back to 935-960 AD. Traditionally employed in treating rheumatism, epilepsy, stroke, and chronic pain, Scorpio contains diverse chemical constituents, including venom, steroid derivatives, alkaloids, amino acids, and nucleosides. Modern pharmacological studies have identified active components, particularly venom and proteins, that exhibit analgesic, antitumor, antiepileptic, and antithrombotic properties. However, these same active ingredients can also induce neurotoxicity and autonomic dysfunction, with overdose leading to such adverse effects. Consequently, numerous processing methods have emerged to mitigate toxicity while preserving pharmacological activity. Despite these advances, key research gaps persist: modern studies overly rely on isolated venom components (with insufficient attention to multi-constituent interactions in processed whole scorpions), high-quality clinical trials are lacking in the functional research on active ingredients, and the mechanisms underlying processing-induced detoxification remain unclear.
Keywords: Buthus martensii Karsch, Traditional uses, Chemical constituents, Pharmacological effects, Toxicity
Received: 10 Sep 2025; Accepted: 28 Oct 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Liu, Zhu, Lu, Qu, Zhou, Zhang, Dai and Shi. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Yanpeng Dai, daiyanpeng1027@163.com
Dian-Hua Shi, shidianhua81@163.com
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