REVIEW article
Front. Pharmacol.
Sec. Experimental Pharmacology and Drug Discovery
This article is part of the Research TopicInnovations in Immunometabolic Treatment and Controlled Release Systems for Bone and Joint DisordersView all 17 articles
Nobiletin promotes fracture healing by modulating macrophage polarization: a review
Provisionally accepted
- 1Department of Burn, Yichang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yichang, China
- 2Department of Orthopedics, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, China
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Fracture healing is a complex process in which various cells, including macrophages, are involved. M1 macrophages and the cytokines they secrete exacerbate local inflammation and inhibit fracture healing, whereas M2 macrophages inhibit inflammation and promote tissue repair. An imbalance in the ratio of M1 to M2 macrophages leads to delayed healing and non-union of the fracture. Nobiletin has received increasing attention in promoting fracture healing. Thus, the aim of , and this review articlepaper aims was to investigate the effects of nobiletin on macrophages during fracture healing, with a major focus on the potential mechanisms and applications, and to provide a reference for further research on nobiletinthis compound.
Keywords: Macrophage polarization, Fracture, Inflammatory, Nobiletin, bone ununion
Received: 14 Oct 2025; Accepted: 25 Nov 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Zhang, Liu, Li and Shou. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Kangquan Shou
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