REVIEW article
Front. Psychiatry
Sec. Psychological Therapy and Psychosomatics
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1521947
This article is part of the Research TopicLife with Tic Disorders: From Childhood to AdulthoodView all 6 articles
Efficacy of therapist-supported online remote behavioral therapy for tic disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Provisionally accepted
- 1Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- 2Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
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Introduction: Recently, several studies about therapist-supported online remote behavioral therapy (TSORBT) have been showed effective for tic disorders (TD). With the increasing adoption of telemedicine, a systematic review of existing evidence is crucial to confirm the efficacy of TSORBT in treating TD. Aim: We aim to assess the efficacy of TSORBT on the treatment of TD. Method: This review followed PRISMA guidelines. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Embase up to September 2024 for clinical trials on TSORBT's efficacy in TD. Two researchers independently screened studies, focusing on the Total Tic Severity Score of the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS-TTSS) and other subscores of the YGTSS-motor tic score (YGTSS-MTS), YGTSS-vocal tic score (YGTSS -VTS), YGTSS-impairment score and Parent Tic Questionnaire (PTQ). Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane RoB 2. Data were analyzed in RevMan 5.4, with outcomes expressed as mean difference (MD) and 95% CI.Results: In total, 2764 articles were identified for screening. Nine studies involving 1049 participants, with 527 assigned to the TSORBT and 522 to the control were included. TSORBT exhibited potential in addressing YGTSS-TTSS (MD = -2.22, 95% CI: [-3.16, -1.29], P＜0.00001), YGTSS-MTS (MD = -2.17, 95% CI: [-3.39, -0.96], P=0.0004), YGTSS-impairment score (MD= -1.69, 95% CI: [-3.26, -0.12], P=0.03) and PTQ score (MD= -6.05, 95% CI: [-8.65, -3.44], P<0.00001;). Subgroup analyses revealed that TSORBT demonstrated nearly the same efficacy as face-to-face BT in addressing YGTSS-TTSS (MD = -0.38, 95% CI: [-3.20, 2.43], P=0.79), but more effective than online psychoeducation (MD = -2.37, 95% CI: [-3.64, -1.10], P = 0.0002).Conclusion: The current study demonstrates the promising therapeutic efficacy of TSORBT in TD. Further rigorously designed studies, particularly those assessing long-term treatment durability, are warranted to consolidate the evidence base.
Keywords: Tic Disorders, Tics, Behavior Therapy, Internet-delivered, Online
Received: 03 Nov 2024; Accepted: 22 May 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Xu, Zhu, Wang, Zhao and Fu. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Congrui Fu, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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