ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Psychiatry
Sec. Anxiety and Stress Disorders
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1604309
The Bridge between Anxiety and Insomnia Symptoms among Chinese Adults before and after SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination: A Network Analysis
Provisionally accepted
- 1The First People's Hospital of Changde City, Changde, China
- 2The First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China
- 3Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
- 4Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- 5Jishou University, Jishou, Hunan, China
- 6Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- 7National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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Background: To explore the underlying mechanism and changes of anxiety and insomnia before and after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination, we conducted an online cross-sectional survey.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in two phases: the first phase was from May to June 2020 (before vaccination) and the second phase was from June to August 2021 (after vaccination). In total, 2245 participants were enrolled before vaccination, and 7207 participants were enrolled after vaccination. Anxiety was measured using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7(GAD-7) Scale and insomnia using the Athens Insomnia Scale-8(AIS-8) Scale. Network analysis models were applied to examine the correlation between anxiety and insomnia. Furthermore, a network comparison test was performed to compare network characteristics before and after vaccination.Results: Our work showed that participants' anxiety and insomnia scores were lower after vaccination than before vaccination. Sense of well-being during the day (AIS6) in AIS remained high both before and after vaccination. The central intensity of premature wakefulness (AIS3), feeling afraid, and functioning (physical and mental) during the day (AIS7) decreased after vaccination, and the mediation between sense of well-being during the day (AIS6) and sleeping during the day (AIS8) increased significantly.
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, Vaccination, Anxiety, insomnia, Network analysis
Received: 01 Apr 2025; Accepted: 25 Jun 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Luo, Liu, Jing, Dai, Feng, Li, Wen and Zhang. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Xiaobo Zhang, The First People's Hospital of Changde City, Changde, China
Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.