Prevention of Postpartum Depression via a Digital Acceptance and Commitment Therapy-Based Intervention: Protocol for a Pilot Usability Study

Silvia Rizzi^1*Anna Elena Nicoletti¹Chiara De Luca²Stefania Poggianella¹Carlo Dalmonego¹Caludia Paoli³Debora Marroni⁴Barbara Burlon³Vanda Chiodega³Martina Dallafior³Riccardo Pertile⁵Laura Valentini³Irene Alberi³Stefano Forti¹Fabrizio Taddei³

• ¹Bruno Kessler Foundation (FBK ), Trento, Italy
• ²Istituto Pavoniano Artigianelli, Trento, Italy
• ³Transmural Obstetric Gynecological Department, Healthcare Trust of the Autonomous Province of Trento (APSS), Trento, Italy
• ⁴Operating Unit of Psychology, Healthcare Trust of the Autonomous Province of Trento (APSS), Trento, Italy
• ⁵Department of Clinical and Evaluative Epidemiology, Healthcare Trust of the Autonomous Province of Trento (APSS), Trento, Italy

Introduction. The perinatal period — encompassing pregnancy and the first months after childbirth — is a time of increased psychological vulnerability. It is often associated with high levels of anxiety, stress and depression. Access to psychological support is frequently limited by stigma, geographical barriers, and a shortage of services. Digital health interventions offer promising solutions to overcome these obstacles. Methods. This study evaluates the acceptability, feasibility, and user experience of REA, a virtual coach based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), to promote psychological well‑being and prevent postpartum depression (PPD). Fifty pregnant women (25–30 weeks of gestation) will be recruited. The 8‑week intervention delivers psychoeducational content via text, audio, and video, and collects steps, sleep, and heart rate via smartwatches for triangulation with self‑reported measures. User Experience (UX) and User Engagement (UE) will be assessed with the System Usability Scale (SUS), the User Engagement Scale–Short Form (UES‑SF), the Italian Chatbot Usability Scale, version B (ITA BUS B), and the User Version of the Mobile Application Rating Scale (uMARS), alongside semi‑structured interviews. Psychological outcomes will be assessed pre–post with the two Whooley Questions, the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES‑D), the Multidimensional Psychological Flexibility Inventory (MPFI), and the 12‑Item Short Form Health Survey (SF‑12). Expected Results. The intervention is expected to demonstrate high levels of user satisfaction and engagement (SUS ≥ 68, UES-SF ≥ 3,5/5; ITA BUS B ≥ 44/55 (≈4,0/5); uMARS ≥ 4,0/5), resulting in improvements in psychological flexibility, perceived well-being, and overall quality of life, recognizing that preventive efficacy will be evaluated in subsequent studies with controlled designs and postpartum outcome measures. Discussion. REA represents a scalable and accessible tool to support perinatal mental health, offering an innovative approach to the early prevention of postpartum distress.