REVIEW article
Front. Psychiatry
Sec. Psychopathology
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1650164
Recent evidence-based developments in the treatment of DID
Provisionally accepted- 1Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands
- 2RINO Zuid, Eindhoven, Netherlands
- 3GGZ Oost Brabant, Boekel, Netherlands
- 4Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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The research field focusing on the etiology, diagnosis and treatment of people with dissociative identity disorder (DID) is still relatively young and limited in scope. Until a few years ago, psychotherapeutic treatment for adults with DID consisted primarily of practice-based, phase-based psychodynamic psychotherapy based, whose treatment effects on dissociative symptoms are small. In recent years, fundamental research on dissociative amnesia and identity functioning has forwarded new insights important for the conceptualization of DID. In light of these emerging insights, empirically supported treatment modalities that have a strong evidence base in adjacent clinical populations have been adapted for application in individuals with DID. Initial results of first empirical studies have indicated positive outcomes, with large effects on dissociative symptoms, of several new treatment options. This review provides an overview of the theoretical models for DID and the foundational research that has led to the development of these models and contributed to adapting treatments with a strong evidence-base in adjacent populations to treat patients with DID. These applications show promising results among individuals with DID. An important next step for the near future is to systematically replicate and extend the evidence base of these promising new approaches in methodologically well-designed and comparative treatment studies. High-quality research is thus urgently needed to identify (cost-)effective treatment options for this population.
Keywords: Dissociative Identity Disorder, review, Treatments for Dissociative Identity Disorder, Treatment models for DID, Theoretical models for DID
Received: 19 Jun 2025; Accepted: 01 Sep 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Bachrach and Huntjens. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Nathan Bachrach, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands
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