ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Psychiatry
Sec. Public Mental Health
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1651237
This article is part of the Research TopicWorld Mental Health Day: Mental Health in the WorkplaceView all 34 articles
Latent Profiles and Associated Factors of Workplace Violence Among Nurses in Tertiary Hospitals: A Cross-Sectional Study
Provisionally accepted
- 1Deyang People's Hospital, Deyang, China
- 2***, Deyang, China
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Background:Workplace violence (WPV) is a significant occupational hazard that threatens nurses' psychological well-being and professional stability. Although prior studies have addressed the impact of WPV on nurses, the latent heterogeneity of their violence exposure patterns has not been systematically explored. Moreover, empirical evidence regarding the role of individual psychological traits in shaping different WPV experiences remains limited. Objective:This study aimed to identify latent profiles of WPV exposure among nurses and examine the associations between profile membership and demographic as well as psychological factors, in order to uncover key predictors of distinct WPV patterns. Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted between March and May 2025 among 549 registered nurses from eight tertiary hospitals in Sichuan Province, China. Participants completed a battery of standardized instruments, including General Demographic Data Scale, Workplace violence Scale, Maslach Burnout Inventory, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, Emotional Labor Scale, and Perceived Organizational Support Scale. Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) was performed using Mplus 8.3 to identify WPV exposure subgroups, and multivariate logistic regression was used to determine associated factors. Results:LPA revealed two distinct WPV profiles: a high-frequency, multi-type violence group (n = 152, 27.7%) and a low-frequency, mild violence group (n = 397, 72.3%). Nurses in the high-frequency group reported significantly higher scores across all WPV dimensions, including verbal abuse, sexual harassment, threats, and physical assault (P < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis indicated that having a bachelor's degree or higher, lower salary satisfaction, and lower psychological resilience were significant predictors of membership in the high-frequency WPV group (P < 0.01). Conclusion:Nurses' WPV experiences exhibit distinct latent profiles. Educational level, salary satisfaction, and psychological resilience are key differentiating variables. These findings highlight the need for stratified risk identification and targeted interventions, particularly for nurses with higher education levels, low salary satisfaction, and reduced psychological resilience, in order to mitigate the adverse effects of WPV and enhance occupational adaptation.
Keywords: Nurses, Workplace Violence, latent profile analysis, Influencing factors, Cross-sectional survey
Received: 21 Jun 2025; Accepted: 25 Aug 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Zhou and Zeng. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Zhi Zeng, ***, Deyang, China
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