SYSTEMATIC REVIEW article
Front. Psychiatry
Sec. Mood Disorders
Exploring the global prevalence of mood and anxiety disorders in LGBTIQ+ people: A systematic review
Provisionally accepted
- King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Background: The prevalence of mood and anxiety disorders in LGBTIQ+ individuals (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex, queer, and other sexual/gender minorities) is not well understood. Studies suggest that LGBTIQ+ people may have higher rates of mood and anxiety disorders, potentially influenced by societal acceptance. Aims: This systematic review aims to examine the prevalence of depressive disorders (DD), bipolar disorders (BD), and anxiety disorders in LGBTIQ+ populations and explore potential associations with societal acceptance in different global regions. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, APA PsychInfo, and citations from 1990-2022 identified studies reporting on the prevalence of DD, BD, and anxiety disorders among LGBTIQ+ people. These rates were compared to societal acceptance, using the Williams' Institute Global Acceptance Index, and to general population rates. Study quality was assessed with the National Institute of Health checklist. Results: 123 studies from 31 countries were included, with 116 rated as good quality. Individual study sample sizes ranged from 15 to over 254,462,596. Mean prevalence rates in LGBTIQ+ populations from these studies was 35.3% for depressive disorders, 5.6% for bipolar disorders, and 34.3% for anxiety 2 disorders. A significant correlation was found between societal acceptance and depressive and anxiety disorder prevalence rates in North American LGBTIQ+ populations. Conclusions: This study found that LGBTIQ+ people experience markedly higher rates of mood and anxiety disorders compared to the general population, with societal acceptance correlating with these rates in North America. Further research is needed, particularly for underrepresented groups such as nonbinary individuals and those identifying as pansexual, asexual, or genderqueer.
Keywords: LGBTIQ+, Mood disorder, Anxiety disorder, Global prevalence, Systematic review
Received: 22 Jul 2025; Accepted: 14 Nov 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Johnson, Bogdanova, Alexander and Stokes. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Sarah Johnson, sjohnsonmsc@gmail.com
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