SYSTEMATIC REVIEW article
Front. Psychiatry
Sec. Mood Disorders
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1674302
This article is part of the Research TopicThe Genetic Intersection of Mental and Physical Health: Unraveling Shared Heritable Risk FactorsView all articles
Assessing Suicide Risk in Patients with Heart Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Provisionally accepted
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Abstract Background: Heart failure (HF) is a long-lasting and challenging condition. It often relates to issues with mental health and suicidal behavior. However, the exact level of suicide risk in HF patients is not well understood. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the connection between HF and suicide risk in adults. Methods: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched up to June 2025. The emphasis was on research that presented outcomes related to suicide in patients with heart failure. Included studies featured adults who were 18 years of age or older and reporting quantitative information, like odds ratios, about suicidal ideation, attempts, or completions. To explore heterogeneity, subgroup analyses were performed based on diagnostic criteria for suicidal behaviors (ICD-9 versus ICD-10) and study design. Results: Out of 1,643 records, 8 studies were eligible based on the criteria described. The pooled analysis showed a significantly higher risk of suicide in HF patients compared to the general population with no major cardiovascular diseases (OR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.49-1.74) compared to healthy subjects, with substantial variability (I² = 88.23%). Subgroup analyses revealed that studies using ICD-9 criteria (OR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.65–1.85) and case-control designs (OR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.66–1.83) had significantly higher pooled suicide risk estimates than studies using ICD-10 criteria (OR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.38–1.54) and cohort designs (OR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.38–1.54). Furthermore, between-group differences were statistically significant (Q = 20.05 and 23.49, p < 0.001), suggesting that diagnostic criteria and study design were significant sources of heterogeneity. Conclusion: HF is connected to a significantly higher risk of suicide. These results emphasize the importance of regular mental health check-ups and early support in HF care, especially shortly after diagnosis.
Keywords: Heart Failure, Suicide, Psychiatry, self-injury, Meta-analysis
Received: 27 Jul 2025; Accepted: 29 Aug 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Zeng. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Yujia Zeng, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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