SYSTEMATIC REVIEW article
Front. Psychiatry
Sec. Anxiety and Stress Disorders
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1676218
Effect of conservative therapy for persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD): a systematic review and meta-analysis
Provisionally accepted
- 1China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
- 2China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Objective: To evaluate the effect of conservative therapy in improving function and symptom for patients with Persistent Postural-Perceptual Dizziness (PPPD) in order to provide evidence for clinical practice. Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effect of conservative therapy for PPPD were searched in 5 databases (CNKI, Wanfang, SinoMed, PubMed and EMBASE) up to 8th March 2025. Risk of bias of included studies were assessed using Cochrane Risk-of-Bias (RoB) tool version 2. Meta-analysis was conducted where applicable. Results: Twenty-two studies (1,764 patients) were included in this review. For selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and vestibular rehabilitation therapy (VRT), the pooled estimates presented consistent results that the combined therapy had significant improvements on Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) compared with single therapy. However, the certainty of the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) were unclear due to limited number of studies and small sample size. The major concern of risk of bias of included studies laid to selection of reported results and randomization process. Certainty of all outcomes were judged to be moderate to very low by using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation). Conclusion: Conservative therapies, particularly SSRIs combined with VRT or CBT, could improve functional status and symptom severity in PPPD patients with favorable safety profiles. Based on current evidence, we recommend to prioritize SSRI plus structured VRT as treatment option for patients with PPPD. Systematic Review Registration:CRD42024544565
Keywords: PPPD, Persistent postural-perceptual dizziness, Conservative interventions, Systematic review, Meta-analysis
Received: 30 Jul 2025; Accepted: 03 Oct 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Zheng, Guo, Liu, Chen, Gang, Chen and Wang. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Huan Chen, chen.huan@live.com
Weiming Wang, wangweiming1a1@163.com
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