ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Sustain.
Sec. Quantitative Sustainability Assessment
Volume 6 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/frsus.2025.1682731
Sustainable Development Goals Performance Measurement for OPEC Member Countries using Gray Relational Analysis Method
Provisionally accepted
- Cankiri Karatekin University, Uluyazi, Türkiye
Select one of your emails
You have multiple emails registered with Frontiers:
Notify me on publication
Please enter your email address:
If you already have an account, please login
You don't have a Frontiers account ? You can register here
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), announced by the United Nations (UN) in 2015, consist of 17 goals. Today, the rapid increase in population and industrialization necessitates the efficient and effective use of resources. Furthermore, climate change and global warming highlight the importance of a sustainable world. From this perspective, the performance of OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) member countries—which hold over two-thirds of the world's oil reserves—in achieving the SDGs is of significant interest. This study uses Gray Relational Analysis (GRA) to examine the performance of 13 OPEC countries using social, environmental, and economic indicators. The results indicate that the countries with the best performance are the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Saudi Arabia, and Kuwait, while those with the lowest performance are Nigeria, Equatorial Guinea, and Angola, respectively. The primary factors contributing to the low performance of certain countries include shortcomings in gender inequality, education, and mortality rate indicators.
Keywords: sustainability, Sustainable development goals, OPEC, Performance measurement, GRA (Gray Relational Analysis)
Received: 09 Aug 2025; Accepted: 23 Sep 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Keskin. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Burak Keskin, burakkeskiin@gmail.com
Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.