Bacterial zoonoses caused by Brucella, Coxiella, and Mycobacterium are widespread contagious bacterial diseases that are naturally transmissible between animals and people. The epidemic of these zoonotic diseases is becoming more and more serious and complex, resulting in many animals and people around the world being affected every year, posing a risk to the close relationship between animals and people. As a result, it is important to be aware of the common approach to preventing and controlling these bacterial zoonoses. One Health is a collaborative, multisectoral, and transdisciplinary approach taken by the community, and it is gaining recognition globally as an effective way to fight bacterial zoonoses at the human–animal–environment interface.
This Research Topic aims to collect the latest discoveries on brucellosis, coxiellosis, and tuberculosis, including the prevalence situation in the livestock population, available prevention and control measures, detailed characteristics of the causative pathogens, and host immune responses induced by the vaccines of these bacterial zoonoses, which will facilitate the prevention and control of these bacterial zoonoses via the One Health approach. A total of 15 manuscripts were received, 5 of which were published in our Research Topic. Two original research papers and one review paper focused on the prevalence of cattle brucellosis, the genome characteristics of Brucella vaccine strains, and the advances of different types of brucellosis vaccines as the available prevention and control measures. One original research paper focused on host immune responses induced by the Coxiella burnetii phase I vaccine, and another original research paper focused on the immune responses in granulomas of cattle naturally infected with Mycobacterium bovis.
Brucellosis, also known as “Malta Fever”, caused by a Gram-negative bacterium, Brucella spp., is a common zoonosis affecting half a million people annually and all domestic animals (1). The prevalence of brucellosis in cattle at different geographical areas has been extensively investigated over the past decades, which is of great significance in terms of epidemiological dimensions (2). In our Research Topic, Ntivuguruzwa et al. studied the epidemiology of brucellosis caused by B. abortus and B. melitensis in cattle in Rwanda, indicating that brucellosis in cattle is prevalent and threatens the health of handlers of live cattle and carcasses and consumers of unpasteurized milk and milk products. To date, the most effective control strategy for preventing the spread of brucellosis in high-prevalence regions is vaccination (3). Several live-attenuated vaccines (Rev.1, S19, and RB51) have been licensed for preventing animal brucellosis, but no safe and effective vaccine has been licensed for preventing human brucellosis so far (4). In our Research Topic, Heidary et al. summarized the advances of the different types of brucellosis vaccines (live-attenuated vaccines, vector-based vaccines, subunit vaccines, DNA-based vaccines, nanoparticles-based vaccines, and other vaccines), thus providing a more comprehensive understanding of them. Brucella spp. virulence relies mainly on its ability to invade and replicate within professional and non-professional phagocytes (5, 6). Many virulence factors, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the type IV secretion system (T4SS), a two-component regulatory system (BvrS/BvrR), and cyclic β-1,2-glucan (CβG), have been identified (7). In our Research Topic, Prasolova et al. characterized phylogenetic relationships in vaccine strains from a Russian Research Topic, identifying some candidate mutations in virulence genes that were responsible for the attenuated virulence of vaccine strains. These studies provide a theoretical basis for developing new brucellosis vaccines and elucidate the pathogenic mechanism of Brucella.
Coxiellosis (“Q fever” in humans) caused by the agent C. burnetii is a worldwide zoonosis (8). This disease is most commonly transmitted by breathing infectious aerosols or dust contaminated with birth fluids of domestic ruminants (9). In several European countries, a formalin-inactivated whole-cell vaccine (C. burnetii phase I) is licensed for cattle and goats (10). In our Research Topic, Bauer et al. evaluated host immune responses induced by the Coxiella burnetii phase I vaccine and the influence of the C. burnetii phase I vaccine on perinatal complications in ewes and lambs, thus providing more information about the C. burnetii phase I vaccine.
Bovine tuberculosis caused by M. bovis is a chronic granulomatous caseous-necrotizing inflammatory process affecting different mammals, including humans (11). However, the immune response presented in the granulomas of animals naturally infected with M. bovis is unknown. In our Research Topic, Carrisoza-Urbina et al. characterized the immune response in granulomas from adult cattle and calves, demonstrating that granulomas from calves exhibited a greater proinflammatory response and a lack of connective tissue capsule compared to the granulomas from adult cattle, implying that the immune responses in granulomas of cattle may be age dependent. This study helps to understand the immune response of granulomas induced by M. bovis at the cellular and molecular levels.
Taken together, the prevalence of cattle brucellosis, the genome characteristics of Brucella vaccine strains, the advances of different types of brucellosis vaccines, the host immune responses induced by the Coxiella burnetii phase I vaccine, and the immune response of granulomas induced by M. bovis were addressed in our Research Topic, which is of great significance for the prevention and control of these bacterial zoonoses.
Statements
Author contributions
PL and JD drafted the manuscript. SY, TX, and MB revised the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Funding
This study was supported by the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of China (cxgc-ias-15) and the Central Public-Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund of the Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (2023-YWF-ZYSQ-05).
Acknowledgments
We thank all the authors for their original work in our Research Topic and the reviewers for their valuable comments. We would like to express our sincere gratitude to the editorial office of Frontiers in Veterinary Science for their excellent support and for providing us with this opportunity to host this Research Topic successfully. Finally, we thank Jashan Abraham, the Commissioning Team Manager of Frontiers in Veterinary Science, for the invitation to write this Editorial Topic chapter.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
Publisher’s note
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
References
1.
ShakirR. Brucellosis. J Neurol Sci. (2021) 420:117280. 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117280
2.
KhuranaSKSehrawatATiwariRPrasadMGulatiBShabbirMZet al. Chaicumpa W. Bovine brucellosis - a comprehensive review. Vet Q. (2021) 41:61–88. 10.1080/01652176.2020.1868616
3.
PappasG. Treatment of brucellosis. BMJ. (2008) 336:678–9. 10.1136/bmj.39497.431528.80
4.
Avila-CalderonEDLopez-MerinoASriranganathanNBoyleSMContreras-RodriguezA. A history of the development of Brucella vaccines. Biomed Res Int. (2013) 2013:743509. 10.1155/2013/743509
5.
GorvelJPMorenoE. Brucella intracellular life: from invasion to intracellular replication. Vet Microbiol. (2002) 90:281–97. 10.1016/S0378-1135(02)00214-6
6.
CelliJ. Surviving inside a macrophage: the many ways of Brucella. Res Microbiol. (2006) 157:93–8. 10.1016/j.resmic.2005.10.002
7.
ByndlossMXTsolisRM. Brucella spp. virulence factors and immunity. Annu Rev Anim Biosci. (2016) 4:111–27. 10.1146/annurev-animal-021815-111326
8.
KazarJ. Coxiella burnetii infection. Ann N Y Acad Sci. (2005) 1063:105–14. 10.1196/annals.1355.018
9.
WaagDM. Coxiella burnetii: host and bacterial responses to infection. Vaccine. (2007) 25:7288–95. 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.08.002
10.
AchardDRodolakisA. Q fever vaccination in ruminants: a critical review. In:Caetano SimoesJCFerreiraASJorge de SilvaG, editors. The Principles and Practice of Q Fever.New York: Nova Science Publishers Inc (2017). p. 367–89.
11.
DomingoMVidalEMarcoA. Pathology of bovine tuberculosis. Res Vet Sci. (2014) 97:S20–9. 10.1016/j.rvsc.2014.03.017
Summary
Keywords
bacterial zoonoses, brucellosis, coxiellosis, bovine tuberculosis, vaccine
Citation
Li P, Ding J, Xin T, Yu S and Banai M (2023) Editorial: Veterinary Bacterial Zoonoses, volume II. Front. Vet. Sci. 10:1245623. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1245623
Received
23 June 2023
Accepted
03 July 2023
Published
13 July 2023
Volume
10 - 2023
Edited and reviewed by
Michael Kogut, Agricultural Research Service (USDA), United States
Updates
Copyright
© 2023 Li, Ding, Xin, Yu and Banai.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
*Correspondence: Jiabo Ding dingjiabo@126.com
Disclaimer
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.