ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Vet. Sci.
Sec. One Health
AI-based analysis of climatic and air pollution determinants of dog bite incidence
Provisionally accepted
Sneha Gautam1*
Aron Rodrick Lakra1Athish N.S.1Lazarus Godson Asirvatham1Bairi Levi Rakshith1Chang-Hoi Ho2Vibhanshu Vaibhav Singh1Vincent Sam Jebadurai1Lavudiya Ramesh Babu1- 1Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, India
- 2Ewha Womans University Ewha Institute for the Humanities, Seodaemun-gu, Republic of Korea
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Dog bite incidents are an emerging public health concern that may be influenced by changing environmental conditions. This study investigated the relationship between meteorological variables (maximum temperature and relative humidity) and dog bite incidence across five Indian states: Bihar, Karnataka, Punjab, Telangana, and Uttar Pradesh. The role of key air pollutants, including formaldehyde, nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide, and ozone, was also examined. Statistical analyses showed that maximum temperature (p = 0.0014) and relative humidity (p = 0.0252) were significantly associated with dog bite incidence, with higher temperatures associated with increased incidence and higher humidity with reduced incidence. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed no apparent clustering or dominant trend in environmental factors, indicating that temperature and humidity alone do not sufficiently explain dog bite variability across regions. Correlation analysis across monthly data demonstrated a strong overall positive association with maximum temperature (r = 0.84), although short-term annual trends show nonlinear fluctuations influenced by additional contextual factors. To predict dog bite risk, an artificial intelligence model (H2O XGBoost) was developed, achieving 87% accuracy and a mean absolute percentage error of 9.6%. This study highlights the importance of localized environmental interpretation and region-specific variability, contributing to understanding the ecological determinants of animal-related injuries and supports Sustainable Development Goals 3 (good health and well-being), 11 (sustainable cities and communities), and 13 (climate action) by informing strategies for safer and more resilient urban environments.
Keywords: artificial intelligence, Climate Change, Dog bite incidents, Environmental dynamics, Pollution parameters, Public health implications
Received: 28 Oct 2025; Accepted: 11 Dec 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Gautam, Lakra, N.S., Asirvatham, Rakshith, Ho, Singh, Jebadurai and Babu. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Sneha Gautam
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