Narratives of their Mothers' Kolbers Focus on ri: e the Suffering of Kolb and Border Villages ri Experience e Kolb Children's Provisionally Accepted

Hossein Daneshmehr^1* Kamal Khaleghpanah¹ Parviz Sobhani¹ Susan Rostami¹

• ¹University of Kurdistan, Iran

The present research studies the activity of Kolberi in the border villages of the west and northwest of Iran (Kurdish area of Nosud in Kermanshah province of Iran) and the sufferings and dangers caused by it such as the experience of a painful death or a lifelong physical injury and many other sufferings. All these risks altogether have not only brought life with suffering and hardships for Kolbers but also added to the worry, anxiety, and preoccupation of their families. As a result, the research explores the narratives of kolbers' Mothers of their children's kolberi experience through theoretical framework of social suffering of Pierre Bourdieu. For the purpose, we examined the lived experiences of mothers in this border region in Iran. The research approach adopted for this study was qualitative, interpretive phenomenology. To this end, 22 Kolbers mothers' in the border area of Nosud 22 were selected based on purposive sampling. Data collection was carried out using semi-structured interviews and participant observation. The data collection process continued until theoretical saturation was reached. The content analysis of the interviews showed eight basic themes including: Occurrence and aggravation of physical and mental complications, reproduction of poverty and misery, marginalization of the field of education in border areas, emergence of structural determinism alongside environmental determinism in border areas, weakening the social status of Kolbers, Kolber and bare life, and structural dehumanization of Kolber's position. Based on the emerged themes, it is concluded that mothers' experience of Kolberi is unique and has been always neglected due to the economic situation of border areas in Iran. Such an experience unveiled the hidden facets of Kolberi, leading to potential avenues for further research in this regard, all of which contributes to revitalizing the activism of Kolbers' mothers in border areas.