ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Appl. Math. Stat.
Sec. Mathematical Physics
Volume 11 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fams.2025.1519577
Laplacian Spectra and Structural Insights: Applications in Chemistry and Network Science
Provisionally accepted
Ali Raza1*
Muhammad Mobeen Munir2- 1University of Education Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
- 2University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
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This paper presents the practical applications of Laplacian and signless Laplacian spectra across various elds including theoretical chemistry, computer science, electrical engineering, and complex network analysis. By focusing on the spectrum-based evaluation of generalized mesh network and ladder graphs, the research aims to uncover valuable relationships with the structural properties of real-world networks. The study not only explores the theoretical underpinnings but also applies these spectra to calculate essential network measures such as mean-rst passage time, average path length, spanning trees, and spectral radius. These analyses oer a deeper understanding of how graph spectra inuence network characteristics, enriching our ability to predict and analyze complex networks. This comprehensive approach enhances our knowledge across multiple scientic disciplines, facilitating more informed predictions about drugs infrastructure.
Keywords: Laplacian spectrum, Spectral radius, Kirchho Index, network stability, First passage time
Received: 01 Nov 2024; Accepted: 05 May 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Raza and Mobeen Munir. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Ali Raza, University of Education Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
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