ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Astron. Space Sci.

Sec. Stellar and Solar Physics

Volume 12 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fspas.2025.1608196

This article is part of the Research TopicTime Domain Astronomy: Insights into Variable and Transient SourcesView all articles

Long-term investigation of an open cluster Berkeley 65

Provisionally accepted
Tarak  ChandTarak Chand1*Saurabh  SharmaSaurabh Sharma1*Koshvendra  SinghKoshvendra Singh2Jeewan  PandeyJeewan Pandey1Aayushi  VermaAayushi Verma1Harmeen  KaurHarmeen Kaur1Mamta  MamtaMamta Mamta1Manojit  ChakrabortyManojit Chakraborty1Devendra  K OjhaDevendra K Ojha2Ajay  Kumar SinghAjay Kumar Singh3
  • 1Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences, Nainital, India
  • 2Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
  • 3Bareilly College, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

We present a decade-long investigation of a poorly studied cluster, Berkeley 65 (Be 65), using deep optical data from the telescopes of ARIES, Nainital Observatory. We estimate its radius (R cluster = 1.6′ , aspect ratio of ∼1.1), distance (2.0 ± 0.1 kpc) and age (∼160 Myrs). A clear turn-off point at ∼1.7 M ⊙ in the mass function suggests the escape of low-mass stars, and the lower photometric mass compared to the dynamical mass indicates ongoing disruption due to external forces. Our long-baseline optical photometric data also identifies 64 periodic and 16 non-periodic stars in this region. We have presented the light curves and the classification of those variables. The periodic stars have periods ranging from ∼0.05 days to ∼3.00 days and amplitude ranges from ∼8 mmag to ∼700 mmag. The nonperiodic stars show variation from ∼30 mmag to ∼500 mmag. The periodic stars include main-sequence pulsating variables such as Slow Pulsating B-type, δ Scuti, RR Lyrae, and γ Doradus. We report a detached binary system and rotating variables similar to BY Draconis-type stars exhibiting variable brightness caused by starspots, chromospheric activity, and magnetic field-related phenomena.

Keywords: Galaxies, star clusters, general -(ISM, ) dust, extinction -stars, Variables, general -(stars, ) Hertzsprung-Russell and color-magnitude diagrams

Received: 08 Apr 2025; Accepted: 29 May 2025.

Copyright: © 2025 Chand, Sharma, Singh, Pandey, Verma, Kaur, Mamta, Chakraborty, Ojha and Singh. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

* Correspondence:
Tarak Chand, Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences, Nainital, India
Saurabh Sharma, Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences, Nainital, India

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