ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.
Sec. Veterinary and Zoonotic Infection
Volume 15 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2025.1575538
This article is part of the Research TopicAdvances in ruminant virusesView all articles
Exploring the Evolutionary Journey of the Lumpy Skin Disease Virus Through the Phylogenetic and Phylo-geo network analysis
Provisionally accepted
Manjunatha Reddy Gundallahalli Bayyappa1*
Manoj Kumar Goud Pyatla2Sai Mounica Pabbineedi1
Narasimha Tanuj Gunturu2Sai Manohar Peela2
Sudeep Nagaraj1
Sunil Tadakod1
Ravi Kumar Gandham2Baldev Raj Gulati1- 1National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology And Disease Informatics (ICAR), Bengaluru, India
- 2National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources (NBAGR), Karnal, Haryana, India
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Lumpy Skin Disease Virus (LSDV), an emerging pathogen from the Capripoxvirus genus, continues to challenge global livestock health with its expanding host range and genetic adaptability. In this study, we report the first isolation and whole genome sequencing of LSDV from Bos frontalis, a semi-domesticated bovine species native to Northeast India, along with the assembly of an isolate from cattle. Time to the Most Recent Common Ancestor (TMRCA) estimates support a relatively recent common origin for Indian strains, pointing to ongoing virus circulation and regional adaptation. The maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of the whole genome and G protein-coupled chemokine receptor (GPCR) gene further demonstrated the clustering of global strains, emphasizing the virus's transboundary movement and genomic diversity. To strengthen phylogenetic inference, we identified shared SNPs, synonymous and non-synonymous mutations across the genome with a total of 2212 variants. Haplotype network and mutation pattern analyses across global genomes further highlighted the conservative evolution of Indian isolates within a distinct haplogroup. Several mutation events between haplogroups highlight the virus's continuous genetic diversification, which correlates with known patterns of spread.
Keywords: Lumpy skin disease virus, tMRCA, phylogenetic analysis, Haplotype network, genetic diversity, Transboundary spread
Received: 12 Feb 2025; Accepted: 19 May 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Bayyappa, Pyatla, Pabbineedi, Gunturu, Peela, Nagaraj, Tadakod, Gandham and Gulati. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Manjunatha Reddy Gundallahalli Bayyappa, National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology And Disease Informatics (ICAR), Bengaluru, India
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