REVIEW article
Front. Comput. Sci.
Sec. Software
This article is part of the Research TopicSoftware Specification and Verification: Models and ToolsView all 3 articles
A Dual Perspective Review on Large Language Models and Code Verification
Provisionally accepted
- 1Universita Ca' Foscari, Venice, Italy
- 2University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have sparked significant interest in their application to code verification and the assessment of LLM-generated code safety. This review examines current research on the intersection of LLMs with software verification, focusing on two main aspects: the use of LLMs as verification tools and the verification of code produced by LLMs. We analyze the emerging approaches for integrating LLMs with traditional static analyzers and formal verification tools, including prompt engineering techniques and combinations with established verification frameworks. The review explores various verification methodologies, from standalone LLM applications to hybrid approaches incorporating traditional verification methods. We examine research addressing the safety assessment of LLM-generated code and investigate frameworks developed for vulnerability detection and repair. Through this analysis, we aim to provide insights into the current state of LLM applications in code verification, identify key challenges in the field, and outline important directions for future research in this rapidly evolving domain.
Keywords: review, Large language models, code verification, Code generation, code intelligence
Received: 27 Jun 2025; Accepted: 24 Oct 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Dolcetti and Iotti. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Eleonora Iotti, eleonora.iotti@unipr.it
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