ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Educ.
Sec. Higher Education
Validation of a Likert Questionnaire for Creative Writing and Critical Thinking in five Spanish Universities
Provisionally accepted
- Universidad de Extremadura - Campus de Caceres, Cáceres, Spain
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Abstract Introduction: This study has the overarching objective of designing and validating a Likert-scale questionnaire to gather and analyse data concerning students' writing skills and critical reasoning in Teacher Training degrees at five Spanish universities. Methods: The sequence of the research process was as follows: definition of the construct, generation of items, selection of the response format, review by statistics experts, pilot test, psychometric analysis, review and adjustment, sample calculation and request for Bioethics Committee authorization. Results: The resulting questionnaire is a four-choice Likert-scale with 31 ítems in total divided into four factors: Declared Practices, Adherence to Principles, Self-Image as a Writer, and Resources, further broken down into various dimensions. Discusion: Factor analysis and pilot testing confirmed the suitability of the structure. As limitations, in this phase of the research, the surveys are being implemented and the initial data is being collected. The investigative sequence is as follows: definition of the construct, generation of items, selection of the response format, review by statistical experts, pilot test, psychometric analysis, review and
Keywords: creative writing2, critical thinking1, Likert scale4, questionnaire validation5, teacher education degrees3
Received: 03 Sep 2025; Accepted: 15 Dec 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Gómez Caballero, Soto Vázquez and Pérez Parejo. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Marta Gómez Caballero
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