ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Energy Res.
Sec. Bioenergy and Biofuels
Volume 13 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fenrg.2025.1412246
This article is part of the Research TopicAdvances in Biofuel Production from Utilization of Biomass Resources for Sustainable BioenergyView all 5 articles
Chemical Conversion and Characterization of Paper Cress Seed Oil to Paper Cress Methyl Esters via Novel Sulfur Doped Nano-Photocatalyst
Provisionally accepted
- 1Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- 2COMSATS University, Islamabad Campus, Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
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In the current study, Lepidium apetalum oil (LAO) was identified as a novel source of feedstock for the production of methyl esters. The study aimed to find out the conversion rate of Lepidium apetalum seed oil into methyl esters using different variables, to get the most amounts possible. In general, the novel sulfur doped nano-photocatalyst was synthesized and used in the most efficient way possible. Oil to methanol molar ratio, catalyst concentration and reaction temperature, were all used as variables. The best yield Obtained was 92 percent Using 0.5gm sulfur doped nano-photocatalyst, a temperature of 60°C, and a 1:6 molar ratio of oil to methanol.The methyl esters were characterized using GCMS, NMR, and AAS analytical techniques for structural and chemical analysis. The Color, density, flash point, cloud point, kinematic viscosity, sulfur content, pour point, and acid number of Lepidium apetalum methyl esters (LAMEs) were calculated and compared to ASTM standards.
Keywords: Energy Crop Lepidium apetalum, Non-edible seed oil, LAMEs, Sulfur Doped Nano-Photocatalyst, Analytical studies
Received: 04 Apr 2024; Accepted: 10 Jun 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Naqvi, Ullah, Ahmad and Zafar. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Syed Ali Hassan Naqvi, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
Dr. Kifayat Ullah, COMSATS University, Islamabad Campus, Islamabad, 45550, Islamabad, Pakistan
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