REVIEW article

Front. Energy Res.

Sec. Sustainable Energy Systems

Volume 13 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fenrg.2025.1628824

Energy Technologies for Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems: Study of Spatial Viable Sites for Hybrid Power Plants in Spain

Provisionally accepted
Marian Catalán NavarroMarian Catalán Navarro1Ana Fernández - GuillamónAna Fernández - Guillamón1,2José Ignacio SarasuaJosé Ignacio Sarasua3Luis Serrano GómezLuis Serrano Gómez2Isabel C. Gil-GarcíaIsabel C. Gil-García1Guillermo Martinez - LucasGuillermo Martinez - Lucas3*
  • 11Faculty of Engineering, Distance University of Madrid (UDIMA), Madrid, Spain
  • 2Universidad de Castilla–La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
  • 3Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

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The integration of renewable energy sources is essential for sustainable electricity generation, but the variability of solar, wind, and other renewables can compromise grid stability. Hybrid renewable energy systems, which combine multiple renewable technologies with or without backup generators, can enhance reliability and reduce dependence on non-renewable sources. This study addresses the challenge of identifying optimal sites for hybrid renewable energy systems deployment in Spain, where diverse climatic conditions and geographic variability influence renewable potential. Using scientific databases, the suitability of five renewable sources (solar, wind, biomass, hydro, and geothermal) is evaluated, carrying out the spatial compatibility of resources. Pairwise hybridizations among these sources are analyzed to identify locations that maximize resource complementarity. The results provide a spatially resolved framework for hybrid renewable energy planning and site selection across varied Spanish regions.

Keywords: Hybrid renewable energy systems, Technical feasibility, operating conditions, Geographic factors, resource assessment

Received: 14 May 2025; Accepted: 30 Jun 2025.

Copyright: © 2025 Catalán Navarro, Fernández - Guillamón, Sarasua, Serrano Gómez, Gil-García and Martinez - Lucas. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

* Correspondence: Guillermo Martinez - Lucas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.

Supplementary Material