ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Energy Res.
Sec. Smart Grids
Volume 13 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fenrg.2025.1636892
This article is part of the Research TopicGrid Stability and Optimized Operation in Renewable Energy Grid SystemsView all 3 articles
Robust optimization model for micro-energy grid accounting for demand response and carbon-green certificate market transactions
Provisionally accepted
- 1Economic and Technology Research Institute, State Grid Jibei Electric Power Co. Ltd, Beijing, China
- 2State Grid Zhangjiakou Power Supply Company, Zhangjiakou, China
- 3North China Electric Power University School of Economics and Management, Beijing, China
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Under energy structure transformation and multi-energy complementary development, there is an urgent need to explore more efficient, clean and low-carbon integrated energy utilization. The microenergy grid can realize the synergistic and complementary operation of electricity, thermal and cooling multi-energy systems through energy conversion and storage devices, thereby mitigating the intermittency of renewable generation and spatiotemporal imbalances in energy supply-demand. This paper develops a robust optimization model for micro-energy grids that accounts for demand response and carbon green certificate market participation. The study initially establishes demand response and carbon green certificate trading models to systematically evaluate their economic impacts on both microgrid and external energy systems. Subsequently, a deterministic operational optimization model is established for the micro-energy grid, aiming at net profit maximization. Finally, the study establishes a robust coefficient-based uncertainty set for WT and PV output fluctuations, facilitating the derivation of a robust optimization model for micro-energy grid. Case studies verify the model's capability in addressing uncertainty-related operational challenges, maintaining reliable and economical operation of energy systems with enhanced robustness and economy.
Keywords: demand response, Green certificate trading, Carbon trading, micro-energy grid, robust optimization
Received: 28 May 2025; Accepted: 24 Jul 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Liu, Liang, An and Tan. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Xuan Liu, Economic and Technology Research Institute, State Grid Jibei Electric Power Co. Ltd, Beijing, China
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