ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Energy Res.
Sec. Electrochemical Energy Storage
Volume 13 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fenrg.2025.1663842
Aerogel Made of Ternary Metal Sulfide FeCo2S4 and rGO Enhanced with Biowaste Activated Carbon and PANI for Supercapacitor
Provisionally accepted
AHMAD RESHAD DELAWARY1
Constantin Bubulinca1
Viera Pechancová1Natalia E. Kazantseva1Petr Saha1
Rudolf Kiefer2*
Quoc Bao Le2,3*- 1Univerzita Tomase Bati ve Zline, Zlin, Czechia
- 2Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
- 3Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, United States
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Supercapacitors utilizing activated carbon derived from Brewer's spent grain (BSG) offer a sustainable and innovative solution for rapid energy storage and release. Pyrolysis using various activation techniques transforms biowastes into highly porous materials with large surface areas, making them ideal for supercapacitor applications. In this study, FeCo2S4 was synthesized and combined with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) to create an aerogel. Brewery biowaste activated carbon (AC) and polyaniline (PANI) were added to enhance the electrochemical properties of the composite electrode material. The electrochemical performance of the resulting rGO/AC/FeCo2S4@PANI composite was evaluated, achieving a high specific capacitance of 2 290.57 F/g at 0.5 A/g, comparable to that of the composite without AC. The small charge transfer resistance values of rGO/AC/FeCo2S4 required via full cell testing in this research showed the value of 1.498 Ω, suggesting superior retention. Therefore, AC significantly enhanced cycling stability, with the composite retaining 97.6% of its capacitance after 5000 cycles.
Keywords: supercapacitor, Ternary metal sulfide, Reduced graphene oxide, Electrochemical composites, Polyanilin
Received: 11 Jul 2025; Accepted: 16 Sep 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 DELAWARY, Bubulinca, Pechancová, Kazantseva, Saha, Kiefer and Le. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Rudolf Kiefer, rudolf.kiefer@tdtu.edu.vn
Quoc Bao Le, lequocbao@tdtu.edu.vn
Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.