ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Energy Res.
Sec. Sustainable Energy Systems
This article is part of the Research TopicRenewable Energy System Solutions for Sustainable Growth (SDG7) and Climate Change (SDG13)View all articles
The Effect of Renewable Energy, Gender Inequality, Human Capital, and FDI Inflows on Sustainable Economic Growth: An Analysis of BRICS Countries
Provisionally accepted
- 1Independent Researcher, Istanbul, Türkiye
- 2Istanbul Ticaret Universitesi, Istanbul, Türkiye
- 3Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Türkiye
- 4Rossijskij ekonomiceskij universitet imeni G V Plehanova, Moscow, Russia
- 5Finansovyj universitet pri pravitel'stve Rossijskoj Federacii, Moscow, Russia
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Sustainable economic growth is one of main pillars of the sustainable development together with the environment and society. Therefore, unveiling the factors behind sustainable economic growth is vital for design of economic, educational, and social policies. This study investigates the role of renewable energy use, gender inequality, human capital, and FDI inflows on sustainable economic growth in the BRICS countries during the period of 2000-2021 by utilization of the novel cointegration and causality tests. The findings of the causality test point out a feedback interplay amongst renewable energy use, gender inequality, and indicators of sustainable economic growth and a unidirectional causality from human capital and FDI inflows to indicators of sustainable economic growth. Further, the consequences of the cointegration test unveil that use of renewable energy, human capital, and FDI inflows positively impact sustainable economic growth while gender inequality negatively affects sustainable economic growth. In conclusion, our results highlight the significant roles of renewable energy, human capital, and FDI inflows along with the gender equality for achievement of sustainable economic growth.
Keywords: Renewable energy use, gender inequality, Human Capital, FDI inflows, Sustainable economic growth, BRICS countries
Received: 31 Aug 2025; Accepted: 18 Dec 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Karagöz, Gür, SART and Danilina. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: GAMZE SART
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