ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Energy Res.
Sec. Smart Grids
This article is part of the Research TopicApplication of Edge Artificial Intelligence in Energy SystemsView all 7 articles
Transient stability analysis of VSG grid-connected system based on precise current limiting switching and AI model identification
Provisionally accepted
- Northeast Branch of State Grid Corporation of China, Shenyang, China
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Constrained by the overcurrent capacity of semiconductor components, grid-forming (GFM) converters need to switch from constant voltage control (CVC) mode to current limiting control (CLC) mode during faults. This gives rise to issues such as current limiting lockout and mode oscillation, while also reducing the transient stability of virtual synchronous generator (VSG) grid-connected systems. Therefore, to ensure successful fault recovery of VSG grid-connected systems, it is necessary to simultaneously address two problems: intelligent identification of current-limiting switching and transient instability.To this end, this paper illustrates the precise mode switching conditions of VSG grid-connected systems based on phasor diagrams, and fully discusses several segmented cases of the maximum deceleration area of VSG grid-connected systems under the influence of mode switching. An intelligent identification method for mode switching timing based on the XGBoost machine learning algorithm is proposed. Taking easily measurable quantities such as power angle, voltage, and current as inputs, a classification surrogate model capable of quickly judging switching conditions is constructed.Furthermore, the critical conditions for current-limiting lockout and mode oscillation in VSG grid-connected systems are analyzed. Finally, the optimal current angle value for system transient stability is given under the premise of ensuring that no mode switching problems occur in VSG grid-connected systems. This serves as a practical tuning criterion for engineers to achieve an optimal trade-off among transient stability enhancement, successful fault ride-through, and overcurrent protection of power electronic devices.
Keywords: grid-forming (GFM) converter, Virtual synchronous generator (VSG), Mode switching, transient stability, segmented area method, XGBoost, current angle optimization, Intelligent identification
Received: 15 Sep 2025; Accepted: 11 Nov 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Huang, Hou, Xia, Wang, Liu and Yang. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Zhen Huang, huangzhen789123@163.com
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