ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Energy Res.
Sec. Sustainable Energy Systems
This article is part of the Research TopicGrid Stability and Optimized Operation in Renewable Energy Grid SystemsView all 8 articles
Wide-frequency Oscillation Suppression Strategy for Grid-connected Photovoltaic Systems Based on WOA-BP Optimization of VSG Parameters
Provisionally accepted
Runzhi MU1
Hongchun SHU2*Yuming ZHANG1Xiongbiao WAN1Bo LIANG1Feihong WANG2Bo ZHANG2Xi WANG2Guangxue WANG2- 1Yunnan Electric Power Test and Research Institute (Group) Co., Ltd., kunming, China
- 2Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
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The integration of a high proportion of renewable energy and power electronic devices in new power systems can trigger wide-frequency oscillation issues. Grid-forming devices, which have the capability to actively form the grid and provide inertia support, have become an important method to address wide-frequency oscillation problems caused by large-scale renewable energy integration. However, improper parameter design of grid-forming devices may introduce new coupled oscillations. To address these issues, a sequence impedance model of the virtual synchronous generator (VSG) is established, and wide-frequency impedance sweeping is used to identify the system's oscillation characteristics. The impact of virtual inertia and damping coefficients on oscillations and system stability is analyzed. By combining the power angle characteristics of synchronous generators with frequency response curves, an adaptive collaborative control strategy based on frequency deviation and frequency rate of change is proposed. An innovative optimization mechanism combining Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) and Backpropagation algorithm (BP) neural networks is introduced to achieve real-time dynamic collaborative optimization of virtual inertia and damping coefficients, thereby suppressing wide-frequency oscillations and improving system stability. A grid-forming photovoltaic system was built on the Real Time Laboratory (RTLAB) platform for simulation verification. The results show that the anti-interference capability of the photovoltaic VSG increased from 20% to 35%. The proposed strategy effectively suppresses wide-frequency oscillations, significantly improves grid-connected power quality, reduces harmonic distortion, and enhances the system's adaptability to grid impedance variations.
Keywords: Wide-frequency oscillations, Grid-forming, virtual synchronous generator, WOA-BP, sequence impedance modeling, Adaptive control
Received: 30 Sep 2025; Accepted: 03 Nov 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 MU, SHU, ZHANG, WAN, LIANG, WANG, ZHANG, WANG and WANG. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Hongchun SHU, kmshc@sina.com
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