ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Energy Res.
Sec. Sustainable Energy Systems
This article is part of the Research TopicProgress and Challenges in Power Systems: Distributed Generation, Smart Metering, Energy Storage and Electric VehiclesView all articles
ELECTRICITY CUSTOMER SATISFACTION WITH RENEWABLE ENERGY SUPPORT SCHEMES: A CASE STUDY FOR LATVIA, ROMANIA, SPAIN, PORTUGAL, NORWAY
Provisionally accepted
Jana Teremranova1*
Lubov Petrichenko1*Anna Mutule1Sidqi Yousra2Marina Arias Royo3Stefan Cirstea4Abdullah Jamal5Fernanda Paula Oliveira6Fernando Borges6Natalia Moreno6- 1Institute of Industrial Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Energy, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
- 2Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Horw,, Lucerne, Switzerland
- 3University of the Basque Country, Architecture Department, CAVIAR group, San Sebastian, Spain
- 4Electrical Engineering Faculty, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- 55The Faculty is "Faculty of Computer Science, Engineering and Economics", Østfold University College (HiOF), Østfold, Norway
- 6University of Coimbra Institute for Legal Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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The success of the energy transition increasingly depends on engaging household electricity customers as active customers. The paper investigates how active customers across several European countries perceive and evaluate renewable energy support schemes. An online cross-country survey was conducted, collecting both quantitative and qualitative data. A mixed-method approach was employed, combining quantitative satisfaction ratings with qualitative analysis of open-ended responses to capture customers' experiences, motivations, and perceived barriers. Key scheme attributes—such as financial incentives, administrative procedures, and overall scheme accessibility—were assessed to understand how they shape active customer engagement. To further interpret the findings, selected attributes were analysed using the Kano model, which helped distinguish between basic expectations, performance-driven factors, and value-adding features. Results indicate that timely financial support, transparent procedures, and policy stability are considered essential for customer satisfaction, while additional guidance and recognition of environmental contribution function as appreciated, but non-essential, enhancements. These insights can support policymakers and programme designers in improving the effectiveness and user satisfaction of future support schemes for renewable energy.
Keywords: Active customers, Renewable Energy, Support schemes, Customer satisfaction, energy transition
Received: 31 Oct 2025; Accepted: 24 Nov 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Teremranova, Petrichenko, Mutule, Yousra, Arias Royo, Cirstea, Jamal, Oliveira, Borges and Moreno. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Jana Teremranova
Lubov Petrichenko
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