MINI REVIEW article
Front. Immunol.
Sec. Viral Immunology
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1556728
Estrogen and Viral Infection
Provisionally accepted
- 1Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
- 2Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, China
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Gender differences exist in the susceptibility, incidence, progression, and prognosis of diseases caused by viral infections. These differences are influenced by various factors, including lifestyle and habits between males and females. Some reports have pointed out that estrogen plays an important immunemodulatory role in many viral infections. In certain viral infections, estrogen exhibits a protective and regulatory effect, while in others, it has a synergistic and promoting effect. The action of estrogen and its receptors affect the occurrence and prognosis of viral infections to some extent. This article reviews the correlation and the related mechanisms between estrogen and viral infections.
Keywords: estrogen, Gender difference, immune response, viral infection, molecular mechanism 1
Received: 08 Jan 2025; Accepted: 28 Apr 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Wei, Hong, Liang, Ren, Man, Zhao and Guo. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Pengbo Guo, Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, China
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