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CASE REPORT article

Front. Oncol.

Sec. Hematologic Malignancies

Case Report: Complete Remission of Refractory Langerhans Cell Sarcoma Following CLAG-M Chemotherapy and Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant

  • 1. Jane Anne Nohl Division of Hematology and Center for the Study of Blood Diseases, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States

  • 2. Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States

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Abstract

Langerhans Cell Sarcoma (LCS) is an extremely rare and aggressive neoplasm with limited consensus on optimal treatment. We report the case of a 56-year-old woman with refractory Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH) that transformed into Langerhans Cell Sarcoma (LCS) who achieved complete remission following chemotherapy with cladribine, high-dose cytarabine, G-CSF, and mitoxantrone (CLAG-M), and subsequent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). This case highlights the potential role of allogeneic HSCT as an effective therapeutic option for refractory LCS and underscores the importance of reporting additional cases to guide future management strategies in this rare malignancy.

Summary

Keywords

Allogeneic transplantation, case report, Immunotherapy, langerhans cell histiocytosis, Langerhans Cell Sarcoma, MAPK pathway

Received

27 September 2025

Accepted

17 February 2026

Copyright

© 2026 Mades, Chow, Ghezavati, Ali, Schiff, Savitala-Damerla, Siddiqi, Tang and Yaghmour. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

*Correspondence: George Yaghmour

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