CASE REPORT article
Front. Oncol.
Sec. Gynecological Oncology
This article is part of the Research TopicEvolving Therapies in Gynecological Oncology: From Chemotherapy to Personalized MedicineView all 15 articles
Uterine Tumors Resembling Ovarian Sex Cord Tumors: Rare Case Report and Literature Review
Provisionally accepted
- 1West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- 2The People's Hospital of Wenjiang Chengdu, Chengdu, China
- 3Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Meishan Women and Children's Hospital,Alliance Hospital of West China Second University Hospital,Sichuan University, Meishan, China
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Uterine tumors resembling ovarian sex-cord tumors (UTROSCT) are rare mesenchymal neoplasms with low malignant potential and polyphenotypic immunoprofiles. A 38-year-old nullipara presented with menorrhagia; trans-vaginal ultrasound revealed a 26-mm, richly vascular submucosal mass. Complete hysteroscopic excision was achieved without residual disease. Microscopy showed anastomosing cords, hollow tubules and bland spindled cells (0-1 mitosis/10 HPF). Immunohistochemistry demonstrated diffuse AE1/3, CD56, WT-1 and synaptophysin positivity, while inhibin-α, calretinin and ER/PR were negative; desmin highlighted entrapped myometrium. Ki-67 index was ~5%. Break-apart FISH and next-generation sequencing (141-gene solid-tumor panel) disclosed no pathogenic fusions involving ESR1, GREB1, NCOA2/3 or NR4A3, nor mutations in TP53, BRCA1/2 or mismatch-repair genes, consistent with the fusion-negative UTROSCT subset (~30–45% of cases). At 20 months the patient is disease-free with regular menses and intact fertility. We review diagnostic clues, differential diagnoses, molecular taxonomy and fertility-sparing strategies, underscoring the value of comprehensive genomic profiling for accurate classification and prognostication of this uncommon uterine tumor.
Keywords: Fertility-sparing surgery, literature review, Molecular classification, rare case report, UTROSCT
Received: 02 Jan 2026; Accepted: 30 Jan 2026.
Copyright: © 2026 Pei, Xu, Li, Long, Xi and Duan. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Ruiqi Duan
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