INFLUENCE OF GESTATIONAL HISTORY ON NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS AND EISENMENGER SYNDROME: ASSOCIATIONS WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITYAND VISUAL IMPAIRMENT IN CHILDREN AND ADULTS – A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Dianasari, Dianasari; 'Aissy, Chamelia  Rohadatul; Javier, R. Mohamad; Nativity, Gabriela; Ahyandi, Syarif  Syamsi; Amiralevi, Siti  Hani; Putra Arlond, Faisal  Gani; Sari, Khomariyana  Purnama; Riandinata, Mohammad  Reza; Putra, Crysciando  Jefryco; Prathama, Christopher  Bryant; Thiono, Fellicia  Raphaela; Hutasoit, Januar  Ishak; Setiyadi, Didik; Faiyq, Aflah  Al; Arifin, Andika  Prasetyo; Kris Firmantya Tei Seran, Bernadetha  Kusuma; Panahatan, David; Setiawan, Muhammad  Abni; Rifani, Fairuz; Ferdian, Afif; Regina, Kenty; Dania, Dania; Farabi, Fatih; Caecarma, Georaldhy  Yussufy; Wiryaputra, Jonathan  Alvin; Yasyfin, Auliya  Yudia; Irfani Fanada, Muhammad  Izdad; Safitri, Laksmitha  Saktiono; Albab, Chabib  Fachry; Adnani, Basyar; Hidayat, Muhammad  Rizky; Rahmaputri, Maghfira  Dwivani; Sutarsa, Trivena; Octavia, Leony; Andita, Meliani  Fransiska; Phastika, Harsya  Parma; Tanaka, Johannes; Sekarsari, Dewi; Dewi Laras Sati, Dita  Ayu; Ramabuana, Musthofa  Chandra; Simbolon, Rilianda; Fazrian Danu, Muhammad  Rizki; Rachman, Aulia; Agfata, Fachira  Rachel; Palyama, Stefany; Yogatama Putra, Andra  Purwanto; Mamanta Sitepu, Abraham  Emzura; Fibullah, Restiko  Maleo; Maulidiah, Adistia; Syifa, Aulia; Indrasto, Subandono  Bambang; Alim, Abdul; Sukmawan, Renan; Rachmanto, Rachmanto; Asylia, Anastasia; Nufus, Hayatun; Chandrawati, Pertiwi  Febriana; Prasetyo, Aan  Dwi; Sutanto, Lucky; Sander, Mochamad  Aleq

doi:10.3389/fped.2025.1522839

SYSTEMATIC REVIEW article

Front. Pediatr.

Sec. Genetics of Common and Rare Diseases

INFLUENCE OF GESTATIONAL HISTORY ON NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS AND EISENMENGER SYNDROME: ASSOCIATIONS WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITYAND VISUAL IMPAIRMENT IN CHILDREN AND ADULTS – A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Provisionally accepted

Dianasari Dianasari¹

Chamelia Rohadatul 'Aissy²

R. Mohamad Javier^3*

Gabriela Nativity⁴

Syarif Syamsi Ahyandi⁵

Siti Hani Amiralevi⁶

Faisal Gani Putra Arlond⁷

Khomariyana Purnama Sari⁸

Mohammad Reza Riandinata⁹

Crysciando Jefryco Putra¹⁰

Christopher Bryant Prathama¹¹

Fellicia Raphaela Thiono¹²

Januar Ishak Hutasoit¹³

Didik Setiyadi¹⁴

Aflah Al Faiyq¹⁵

Andika Prasetyo Arifin¹⁶

Bernadetha Kusuma Kris Firmantya Tei Seran¹⁷

David Panahatan¹⁸

Muhammad Abni Setiawan¹⁹

Fairuz Rifani²⁰

Afif Ferdian²¹

Kenty Regina²²

Dania Dania²³

Fatih Farabi²⁴

Georaldhy Yussufy Caecarma²⁵

Jonathan Alvin Wiryaputra¹³

Auliya Yudia Yasyfin²⁶

Muhammad Izdad Irfani Fanada²³

Laksmitha Saktiono Safitri¹⁵

Chabib Fachry Albab²⁵

Basyar Adnani²⁷

Muhammad Rizky Hidayat²⁸

Maghfira Dwivani Rahmaputri²⁹

Trivena Sutarsa³⁰

Leony Octavia³¹

Meliani Fransiska Andita³²

Harsya Parma Phastika³³

Johannes Tanaka³⁴

Dewi Sekarsari²⁵

Dita Ayu Dewi Laras Sati³⁵

Musthofa Chandra Ramabuana³⁶

Rilianda Simbolon³⁰

Muhammad Rizki Fazrian Danu³⁷

Aulia Rachman³⁷

Fachira Rachel Agfata¹⁷

Stefany Palyama³⁸

Andra Purwanto Yogatama Putra³⁹

Abraham Emzura Mamanta Sitepu⁴⁰

Restiko Maleo Fibullah⁴¹

Adistia Maulidiah⁴²

Aulia Syifa⁴³

Subandono Bambang Indrasto^43*

Abdul Alim⁴³

Renan Sukmawan¹³

Rachmanto Rachmanto⁴³

Anastasia Asylia⁴⁴

Hayatun Nufus⁴⁵

Pertiwi Febriana Chandrawati⁴⁶

Aan Dwi Prasetyo⁴⁷

Lucky Sutanto⁴⁸

Mochamad Aleq Sander⁴⁷

¹RSUD dr. Soetomo, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
²RSAU dr. M. Moenir, Malang, Indonesia
³RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia
⁴RSUD dr. Doris Sylvanus, Palangka Raya, Indonesia
⁵RSIA Soerya, Sidoarjo, Indonesia
⁶RSAU Dr. M. Sutomo, Kubu Raya, Indonesia
⁷Bali International Hospital, Bali, Indonesia
⁸RSM Siti khodijah Gurah, Kediri, Indonesia
⁹RSI Sakinah, Mojokerto, Indonesia
¹⁰RSUD Ploso, Jambang, Indonesia
¹¹RSUD Ciamis, Ciamis, Indonesia
¹²RSUS Siloam Karawaci, Tangerang, Indonesia
¹³National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita (Indonesia), Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia
¹⁴Arsadia Medika, Bogor, Indonesia
¹⁵RSUD Jombang, Jombang, Indonesia
¹⁶RS QADR, Tangerang, Indonesia
¹⁷RS Fastabiq Sehat PKU Muhammadiyah Pati, Pati, Indonesia
¹⁸RSU UKI, Jakarta, Indonesia
¹⁹RSU Haji Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia
²⁰RS Tk II Dustira, Cimahi, Indonesia
²¹RSU Permata Bunda, Malang, Indonesia
²²RS Sentra Medika, Cibinong, Indonesia
²³Faculty of Medicine Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia
²⁴Heartology Cardiovascular Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
²⁵Airlangga University Hospital, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
²⁶RSU PKU Muhammadiyah Delanggu, Klaten, Indonesia
²⁷RS PKU Muhammadiyah Gubug, Grobogan, Indonesia
²⁸RS Dr Tadjuddin Chalid, Makassar, Indonesia
²⁹Faculty of Medicine Padjajaran University, Sumedang, Indonesia
³⁰Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Tarumanagara, Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia
³¹RSUD Kalisat, Jember, Indonesia
³²RS Mitra Medika, Pontianak, West Kalimantan, Indonesia
³³RS Pertamina Balikpapan, Balikpapan, Indonesia
³⁴RSU Regina Maris, Medan, North Sumatra, Indonesia
³⁵RSUD Margono Soekarjo, Banyumas, Indonesia
³⁶RS Sariasih Sangiang, Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia
³⁷RSU Cut Meutia Aceh Utara, Aceh, Indonesia
³⁸RSUD Dr. H Soewondo, Kendal, Indonesia
³⁹Faculty of Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
⁴⁰RS Parindu, Kapuas, Indonesia
⁴¹RSUD Kayuagung, Sumatera Selatan, Indonesia
⁴²RSUD Demang Sepulau Raya, Lampung, Indonesia
⁴³Gatot Soebroto Army Hospital, Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia
⁴⁴RSUP Persahabatan, Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia
⁴⁵RS Siloam Agora, Jakarta, Indonesia
⁴⁶RSUP Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia
⁴⁷RS Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, Malang, Indonesia
⁴⁸RS Kartika Husada, Tanjungpura, Indonesia

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

The period between conception and childbirth is known as gestational time. The condition of the baby can be affected by processes involved in pregnancy and delivery. History of diabetes and obesity during pregnancy has been proven to increase the risk of Eisenmenger Syndrome and Neural Tube Defect. Eisenmenger Syndrome is a congenital heart anomaly. Congenital heart disease, leading to circulation problems, includes issues with the iris stromal blood vessels, a characteristic feature of Eisenmenger syndrome. The dilation of iris stromal blood vessels due to this issue may lead to visual impairment/disorders. Additionally, individuals with Down syndrome and other forms of mental disorders suffer from congenital heart diseases. To analyze the influence of gestational history on the occurrence of neural tube defects and Eisenmenger syndrome, accompanied by intellectual disability and visual impairment in children and adults. A systematic review in this study was constructed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) technique. This approach ensures that all stages and research procedures are systematically followed. A total of 2327 results were obtained after collecting sources from Google Scholar and articles published between 2018 and 2023 were filtered with defined inclusion and exclusion criteria to ensure appropriate study selection. The classification of the number of Scopus-indexed journals is as follows: the number of Q2 Scopus-indexed journals is 5, with a total of five journals taken and used as references for systematic observational research. Gestational history significantly influences the occurrence of neural tube defects and Eisenmenger syndrome, accompanied by intellectual disability and visual impairment in children and adults.

Keywords: gestation, Neural tube defect, Eisenmenger syndrome, Intellectual Disability, visual eye disease, Systematic review

Received: 05 Nov 2024; Accepted: 24 Oct 2025.

Copyright: © 2025 Dianasari, 'Aissy, Javier, Nativity, Ahyandi, Amiralevi, Putra Arlond, Sari, Riandinata, Putra, Prathama, Thiono, Hutasoit, Setiyadi, Faiyq, Arifin, Kris Firmantya Tei Seran, Panahatan, Setiawan, Rifani, Ferdian, Regina, Dania, Farabi, Caecarma, Wiryaputra, Yasyfin, Irfani Fanada, Safitri, Albab, Adnani, Hidayat, Rahmaputri, Sutarsa, Octavia, Andita, Phastika, Tanaka, Sekarsari, Dewi Laras Sati, Ramabuana, Simbolon, Fazrian Danu, Rachman, Agfata, Palyama, Yogatama Putra, Mamanta Sitepu, Fibullah, Maulidiah, Syifa, Indrasto, Alim, Sukmawan, Rachmanto, Asylia, Nufus, Chandrawati, Prasetyo, Sutanto and Sander. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

* Correspondence:
R. Mohamad Javier, jjforwork98@gmail.com
Subandono Bambang Indrasto, subandonobambangispm@yahoo.com

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