CASE REPORT article
Front. Pediatr.
Sec. Pediatric Pulmonology
Volume 13 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fped.2025.1557273
A case of complicated parapneumonic pleural effusion caused by paragonimus infection in a child was successfully treated by intrapleural injection of urokinase: a case report and literature review
Provisionally accepted
- 1Department of Pediatrics, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, China
- 2Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, Sichuan Province, China
- 3School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
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Objective The clinical data of a child with complex parapneumonic effusion (PPE) caused by pneumofluke infection were analyzed, and the diagnosis and treatment of the disease were discussed through literature review. The effectiveness and safety of urokinase in the treatment of complex PPE and empyema caused by multiple pathogens were emphasized. Methods A 3-year-old male child with pneumofluke infection was admitted to the pediatric department of Mianyang Central Hospital. Chest CT and chest ultrasound showed a right pleural effusion with dense septum formation. The condition was relieved after treatment with praziquantel for anti-infection, thoracic catheter drainage, and urokinase injection into pleural cavity. Through systematic literature search of Pubmed, Embase, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP Chinese databases, no cases of urokinase treatment of pleural effusion caused by pneumofluke infection were found. Results A total of 150ml thick yellow turbidous fluid was drained out of the pleural cavity, and the patient's symptoms and signs were significantly relieved. Reexamination of the chest CT showed that the right pleural effusion was significantly reduced and the right lung was significantly reexpanded. There were no complications such as bronchopleural fistula, pneumothorax, abnormal coagulation function, bleeding and fever during treatment. Conclusion Thoracic catheter drainage combined with injection of urokinase is an effective and safe method for the treatment of complex PPE and empyema caused by pneumofluke infection in children. At the same time, the literature review showed that urokinase injection into pleural cavity was effective in the treatment of complex PPE and empyema caused by infection, trauma, tumor and other causes, and no obvious side effects occurred.
Keywords: Child, Complicated parapneumonic pleural effusion, Paragonimus westermani, Urokinase, case report
Received: 08 Jan 2025; Accepted: 14 May 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Shi, Li and Hu. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Yan Li, Department of Pediatrics, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, China
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