CASE REPORT article
Front. Pediatr.
Sec. Pediatric Infectious Diseases
Volume 13 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fped.2025.1559244
Two Episodes of Hyperinflammation in an Infant Consistent with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C); Recurrence or Two Different Diseases? A case report
Provisionally accepted
- Kinderklinik Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is an hyperinflammatory disease after infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We report on a 9-month-old infant with two episodes of hyperinflammatory disease, each involving the coronary arteries, during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic within a short period of time. The case highlights the possibility of MIS-C recurrence, documents a good response to an immunomodulatory therapy in every episode, takes a critical look at possible differential diagnoses as Kawasaki disease (KD) and includes a followup period of two years. Reports of recurrences of KD are rare, even rarer in MIS-C and clinicians should be sensitised to this possibility. Further, our case emphasises the need to follow up these patients closely and regularly to detect sequelae, especially cardiovascular, at an early stage.
Keywords: hyperinflammation, Infant, Recurrence, Multisystem, Inflammatory, case report
Received: 12 Jan 2025; Accepted: 13 May 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Dechant, Michel, Kabesch, Melter and Gerling. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Markus - Johann Dechant, Kinderklinik Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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