REVIEW article
Front. Pediatr.
Sec. Pediatric Urology
Volume 13 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fped.2025.1588261
This article is part of the Research TopicManagement Of Pediatric Testicular MicrolithiasisView all 3 articles
Management Of Pediatric Testicular Microlithiasis
Provisionally accepted
- 1Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, United States
- 2School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
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Testicular microlithiasis (TM) is a primarily asymptomatic condition characterized by the accumulation of microscopic calcium deposits within the seminiferous tubules. While typically identified incidentally on ultrasonography, TM has generated clinical interest due to its potential links to infertility and testicular malignancy. TM is also associated with benign conditions like cryptorchidism, varicocele, testicular atrophy, and genetic disorders such as Klinefelter syndrome, Down syndrome, and McCune-Albright syndrome. The associations with malignancy and infertility remain poorly defined, particularly in the pediatric populations, in which diagnostic challenges and the lack of standardized surveillance protocols complicate management. This review provides an overview of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical implications of pediatric TM, with a focus on current management practices, surveillance strategies, and areas for future research.
Keywords: Testicular microlithiasis, pediatric urology, Pediatric screening, Testicular abnormalities, Urological abnormalities
Received: 05 Mar 2025; Accepted: 05 Aug 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Flores, Bailey and Harris. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Hunter Flores, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, 80045, Colorado, United States
Walker C Bailey, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, 80045, Colorado, United States
Kelly T Harris, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, 80045, Colorado, United States
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