ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Pediatr.
Sec. Pediatric Nephrology
Pneumocystis jiroveci Pneumonia : Report of Five Children with the Nephrotic Syndrome and Review of the Literature
Provisionally accepted
- Hebei Provincial Children's Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
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This study retrospectively analyzed five pediatric nephrotic syndrome (NS) cases complicated by Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) following long-term steroid and tacrolimus therapy. Clinical features, diagnostic methods, treatment, and outcomes were reviewed. Two patients were diagnosed by alveolar lavage fluid and three by sputum metagenomic testing. All received sulfa drugs, with three additionally treated with caspofungin. One child died, and four recovered with symptomatic improvement. PJP is a severe opportunistic infection causing rapid respiratory failure in immunocompromised hosts. Prolonged glucocorticoid or tacrolimus exposure markedly increases PJP susceptibility in NS children. Early recognition, timely etiological diagnosis, and prompt therapy are crucial to improve prognosis.
Keywords: Pneumocystis Carinii pneumonia, Nephrotic Syndrome, Children, Clinical data, five cases
Received: 15 Sep 2025; Accepted: 31 Oct 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Cui, han, yuan, li and Zhang. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Jieyuan Cui, cuijieyuan_0@126.com
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