REVIEW article
Front. Pharmacol.
Sec. Ethnopharmacology
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1615294
Unveiling the Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Potential of Syringic Acid: Mechanistic Insights and Pathway Interactions
Provisionally accepted
- 1Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- 2Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
Select one of your emails
You have multiple emails registered with Frontiers:
Notify me on publication
Please enter your email address:
If you already have an account, please login
You don't have a Frontiers account ? You can register here
Background: Syringic acid (SA), a naturally occurring phenolic acid, has garnered significant attention for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects and their potential therapeutic applications require further elucidation.Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted using PubMed and Web of Science to investigate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of SA, with a focus on oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways. For insights related to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), we referenced Chinese literature. Articles focusing on agriculture, industry, and economics are excluded.Results: SA exerts potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities through multiple mechanisms. Specifically, it mitigates OS by scavenging free radicals, enhancing endogenous antioxidant defenses, and activating the KEAP1/NRF2 pathway. It also inhibits inflammation by downregulating key mediators, including NF-κB, TLR4, HMGB1, MyD88, and TRAF6. Crosstalk between NRF2, NF-κB, and PI3K/AKT pathways reveals SA's involvement in cellular pathophysiological processes such as apoptosis, ferroptosis, and endoplasmic reticulum stress.SA's robust antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms underscore its promise as a therapeutic agent. Future research should address its pharmacokinetics, safety profile, and clinical potential.
Keywords: Syringic acid (PubChem CID 10742), Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, Pharmacological activity, pharmacokinetics, Toxicity
Received: 21 Apr 2025; Accepted: 16 Jun 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Zhao, Yang, Sun and Ruan. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Zhejun Zhao, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
Xiaofen Ruan, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.