ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Pharmacol.
Sec. Pharmacoepidemiology
The Home Medication Review (HMR) Checklist: Development, Validation, and Feasibility Study
Radhakishan M 1
V K Sashindran 2
Adithi Kellarai 3
Juno Jerold Joel 1
S Nanjesh Kumar 4
Ananthesh L 1
Anjusha Alex 5
UDAY VENKAT MATETI 1
1. NITTE (Deemed to be University), NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (NGSMIPS), Department of Pharmacy Practice, Mangalore, India
2. Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Symbiosis Medical College for Women, Department of General Medicine, Pune, India
3. NITTE (Deemed to be University), KS Hegde Medical Academy (KSHEMA), Department of General Medicine, Mangalore, India
4. NITTE (Deemed to be University), KS Hegde Medical Academy (KSHEMA), Department of Community Medicine, Mangalore, India
5. Gulf Medical University (GMU), College of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
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Abstract
Introduction: The Home Medication Review (HMR) is a structured, patient-centred service provided by pharmacists to facilitate the optimisation of medication therapy, mitigate drug-related issues, and improve health outcomes. Despite the global adoption of HMR, there is a lack of standardisation. To overcome this gap, a detailed HMR checklist was developed to ensure that all key elements of an HMR visit are covered. The aim was to develop and validate a comprehensive checklist to standardise the delivery of HMR and facilitate its widespread implementation in the Indian health care system, which can also be adopted internationally with regional modifications. Methods: A detailed literature review was conducted to develop a preliminary checklist framework, which was subsequently refined through input from a seven-member advisory board. CVI and modified kappa statistics were used to evaluate content validity by eleven experts. The checklist was tested for its usability in the home care environment through pharmacist-conducted reviews of medications in a feasibility study involving 20 participants. Results: The 12-domain, final 65-item HMR Checklist demonstrated high levels of content validity, with an average Cronbach's alpha (Ave-CVI) of 0.97, indicating high relevance and simplicity. In the case of UA-CVI, the values were 0.78 and 0.75. The level of pharmacist compliance during the feasibility tests showed a high level of adherence (93.5% total compliance), with key areas demonstrating adherence at every visit. Further examination of the I-CVI and k* values was very high in all domains, demonstrating good item-level validity. Overall, the feasibility data demonstrated high patient acceptance and easy integration into the workflow. Disscussion: Overall, content validity indices and content validation processes are considered crucial factors in the development of an instrument. The study demonstrates that the HMR Checklist is a reliable, holistic, and practical instrument that can be used to standardise and implement home medication reviews, led by clinical pharmacists. It has a strong potential to enhance medication safety and provides a solid foundation for future large-scale evaluations globally.
Summary
Keywords
Checklist, development, HMR, Home medication review, Home medicines review, Validation
Received
26 January 2026
Accepted
19 February 2026
Copyright
© 2026 M, Sashindran, Kellarai, Joel, Nanjesh Kumar, L, Alex and MATETI. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
*Correspondence: UDAY VENKAT MATETI
Disclaimer
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