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CORRECTION article

Front. Pharmacol., 11 February 2026

Sec. Neuropharmacology

Volume 17 - 2026 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1804067

Correction: Advances in pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling for anesthesia, 1987–2024: a review

  • Biomedical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia

A Correction on
Advances in pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling for anesthesia, 1987–2024: a review

by Tulbah Y and Aljamaan I (2026). Front. Pharmacol. 17:1741851. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2026.1741851

The figures were presented in the incorrect order in the published PDF and HTML versions of this article. Specifically, Figures 35 were incorrectly placed, resulting in a mismatch between the figure numbering and their chronological sequence. The figure captions were correct. The correct figure sequence follows a chronological order based on publication periods: 1987, 1991–1999, 2000–2009, 2010–2014, 2015–2019, and 2020–2024. The correct Figures 35 and their captions appear below.

Figure 3
Timeline graphic from 2000 to 2009 summarizes key pharmacokinetic studies. Each year is marked with a colored circle and research highlights, including clearance rates, prediction errors, and changes during cardiopulmonary bypass.

Figure 3. Key predicative studies results in PK/PD (2000–2009).

Figure 4
Timeline graphic showing key pharmacokinetic studies from 2010 to 2013. Each year lists research: 2010 Cortínez et al., 2011 Aarons et al., 2012 Iirola et al., 2013 Väätälo et al. and Borrat et al., with findings on covariates, scaling, and genetic factors.

Figure 4. Key predicative studies results in PK/PD (2010–2014).

Figure 5
Vertical timeline graphic with colored circles marking key pharmacokinetic modeling studies between 2015 and 2017, including research by Rongen, Jagtap, Van Driest, Eleveld, Sahinovic, and Van Heusden, each citing study focus and outcomes.

Figure 5. Key predicative studies results in PK/PD (2015–2019).

The original article has been updated.

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Publisher’s note

All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.

Keywords: anesthesia control, dose optimization, nonlinear mixed-effects, patient-specific covariates, pharmacodynamic prediction, pharmacokinetic modeling, population variability

Citation: Tulbah Y and Aljamaan I (2026) Correction: Advances in pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling for anesthesia, 1987–2024: a review. Front. Pharmacol. 17:1804067. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2026.1804067

Received: 04 February 2026; Accepted: 05 February 2026;
Published: 11 February 2026.

Approved by:

Frontiers Editorial Office, Frontiers Media SA, Switzerland

Copyright © 2026 Tulbah and Aljamaan. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

*Correspondence: Yara Tulbah, eWFyYWFiZHVsbGF0aWYuc0BnbWFpbC5jb20=

Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.