ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Psychiatry
Sec. Anxiety and Stress Disorders
This article is part of the Research TopicStress-induced Psychopathology: From Mechanisms to InterventionsView all 17 articles
Effectiveness of psychological intervention based on implicit theory combined with virtual reality in patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysm receiving their first cerebral angiography after flow-diverter stent implantation
Provisionally accepted
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Background: To investigate the efficacy of psychological intervention using implicit theory combined with virtual reality (VR) in patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysm (UIA) undergoing their first cerebral angiography (CA) after implantation of a flow-diverter stent. Methods: One hundred and four patients with UIA who underwent their first CA six months after flow-diverter stent implantation in our hospital between October 2022 and October 2024 were enrolled by convenience sampling. The participants were then randomly divided into a control group (n=52) and an experimental group (n=52). The control group received routine nursing intervention, while the experimental group was given both routine nursing and psychological intervention based on implicit theory combined with VR. The levels of anxiety, physiological stress indicators, and treatment compliance were compared between the two groups. Results: Repeated-measures ANOVA revealed significant group × time interactions for anxiety (SAS: F(2, 204) = 267.89, P < 0.001, ηp² = 0.724), treatment confidence (VAS-TC: F(2, 204) = 101.36, P < 0.001, ηp² = 0.498), and implicit cognition (IAT: F(2, 204) = 598.74, P < 0.001, ηp² = 0.854). Post-intervention (T1) and pre-procedure (T2), the experimental group showed significantly lower SAS scores and higher VAS-TC and IAT scores than the control group (all P < 0.001). Notably, the experimental group's mean IAT score at T2 (80.1 ± 4.5) exceeded the pre-specified threshold for positive implicit cognition (65 points). During the angiography, the experimental group also demonstrated superior physiological regulation (higher baroreflex sensitivity and heart rate variability indices, all P < 0.001), better examination tolerance (fewer body movements, lower pain scores, P < 0.001), and higher procedural compliance (accuracy of instruction execution: 92.3% vs. 67.5%, P = 0.001) compared to the control group. Conclusion: Implicit theory combined with VR can significantly reduce intraprocedural stress responses and increase cooperation during diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, enhancing long-term compliance through the reconstruction of cognitive structures, optimizing autonomic nerve regulation, and improving pain tolerance. The findings provide a multi-dimensional evidence-based reference for the use of psychological intervention in UIA patients following flow-diverter stent implantation.
Keywords: Cerebral Angiography, flow-diverterstent implantation, implicit theory, Psychological nursing, Unruptured intracranial aneurysm, virtual reality
Received: 02 Sep 2025; Accepted: 15 Jan 2026.
Copyright: © 2026 Wang, Gao, Jiang, Feng and Wang. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Xiao-lin Wang
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