ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Psychiatry
Sec. Aging Psychiatry
Analysis of Factors Influencing Anxiety and Depression Disorders among Hospitalized Patients
Provisionally accepted
Nan Wang*
Qiuyun Tu- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
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Background: As globally prevalent mental health conditions, anxiety and depression impose significant socioeconomic burdens on healthcare systems. Key risk factors for anxiety and depression were determined in the current study by examining the associations across multiple domains. Methods: Participants were enrolled for this cross-sectional study from the Department of Gerontology at the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University in 2023. Anxiety and depression were evaluated based on the Hamilton Anxiety (HAM-A) and Hamilton Depression (HAMD) Rating Scales, respectively. Cognitive function, sleep quality, frailty, and nutritional status were evaluated using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the FRAIL scale, and the Nutrition Risk Screening (NRS)-2002, respectively. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to determine the factors associated with anxiety and depression. Results: A total of 1121 participants (659 women and 462 men; mean age ±SD: 64.67±10.86 years) were studied. HAMD scores were significantly associated with gender (β = 0.078, P = 0.017), body mass index (β = -0.096, P = 0.003), MoCA (β = - 0.141, P <0.001), FRAIL score (β = 0.200, P <0.001), PSQI (β = 0.494, P < 0.001), and NRS-2002 (β = 0.099, P = 0.004) after full adjustment. HAM-A scores exhibited significant and independent associations with gender (β = 0.155, P < 0.001), illness (β = -0.098, P = 0.006), MoCA (β = -0.114, P = 0.001), PSQI (β = 0.435, P <0.001), and FRAIL score (β = 0.276, P <0.001). Conclusions: Male patients with superior physical and cognitive function, better sleep, favorable body mass index and nutrition status, and fewer illnesses had better mood. Targeted interventions, including cognitive preservation, sleep optimization, frailty prevention, comorbidity management, and lifestyle modification, may be correlated with reduced symptom burden. Special consideration is warranted for elderly and female populations.
Keywords: Anxiety, Cognitive Function, Depression, Frailty, gender, sleep quality
Received: 15 Dec 2025; Accepted: 04 Feb 2026.
Copyright: © 2026 Wang and Tu. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Nan Wang
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