Your new experience awaits. Try the new design now and help us make it even better

HYPOTHESIS AND THEORY article

Front. Sociol.

Sec. Work, Employment and Organizations

Volume 10 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fsoc.2025.1614473

This article is part of the Research TopicThe Impact of Intelligent Technologies on the Future of Work: Challenges and Opportunities for Individuals, Organizations, and SocietyView all 3 articles

The Presentation of Self in the Age of ChatGPT

Provisionally accepted
Nils  KlowaitNils Klowait1*Maria  ErofeevaMaria Erofeeva2
  • 1University of Paderborn, Paderborn, Germany
  • 2Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

Contemporary debates about artificial intelligence (AI) still treat automation as a straightforward substitution of human labour by machines. Drawing on Erving Goffman's dramaturgical sociology, this paper reframes AI in the workplace as supplementary rather than substitutive automation. We argue that the central-but routinely overlooked-terrain of struggle is symbolic-interactional: workers continuously stage, conceal, and re-negotiate what counts as "real" work and professional competence. Large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT exemplify this dynamic. They quietly take over the invisible, routinised tasks that underpin cognitive occupations (editing, summarising, first-draft production) while leaving humans to enact the highly visible or relational facets that sustain occupational prestige. Drawing on diverse sources to illustrate our theoretical argument, we show how individual workers, dramaturgical teams, and entire professional fields manage impressions of expertise in order to counter status threats, renegotiate fees, or obscure the extent of AI assistance. The paper itself, having been intentionally written with the 'aid' of all presently available frontier AI models, serves as a meta-reflexive performance of professional self-staging. The dramaturgical framework clarifies why utopian tales of friction-free augmentation and dystopian narratives of total displacement both misread how automation is actually unfolding. By foregrounding visibility, obfuscation, and impression management, the article presents a differentiated case for AI's impact on the performative structure of work, outlines diagnostic tools for assessing real-world AI exposure beyond hype-driven headlines, and argues for a more human-centred basis for evaluating policy responses to the 'fourth industrial revolution.' In short, AI enters the labour process not as an autonomous actor, but as a prop within an ongoing social performance-one whose scripts, stages, and audiences remain irreducibly human.

Keywords: artificial intelligence, ChatGPT, Workplace automation, dramaturgy, impression management, Goffman

Received: 18 Apr 2025; Accepted: 04 Aug 2025.

Copyright: © 2025 Klowait and Erofeeva. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

* Correspondence: Nils Klowait, University of Paderborn, Paderborn, Germany

Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.