ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Sociol.
Sec. Sociology of Stratification
Volume 10 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fsoc.2025.1634219
This article is part of the Research Topic(Mis)perceptions of Inequality as a Social IssueView all 5 articles
Perceptions of Inequality and Meritocracy: Their Interplay in Shaping Preferences for Market Justice in Chile (2016-2023)
Provisionally accepted
- 1Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- 2Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- 3COES - Center for Social Conflict and Cohesion Studies, Santiago, Chile
- 4Bremen International Graduate School of Social Sciences, Bremen, Germany
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Several countries have experienced a shift toward the privatization and commodification of public goods, welfare policies, and social services. In Latin America, Chile stands out as a paradigmatic case where this trend has led to the extensive marketization of essential services. From a moral economy perspective, the extent to which individuals consider it fair for access to such services to depend on market criteria has been conceptualized as market justice preferences. This study investigates the relationship between perceptions of economic inequality, meritocratic beliefs, and market justice preferences in Chile between 2016 and 2023. Using six waves of panel data from the Chilean Longitudinal Social Survey – ELSOC (Nobservations = 8,643; Nindividuals = 1,687), the analysis examines how subjective assessments of inequality shape attitudes toward the role of merit in access to key social services such as healthcare, education, and pensions. The findings show that greater perceived inequality is associated with lower market justice preferences. However, individuals who believe that effort is rewarded are more likely to legitimize existing disparities. In contrast, the perception that talent is rewarded shows a negative effect on market justice preferences; an effect that intensifies as perceived inequality increases over time. The study also considers the influence of major social movements during this period, which appear to have reshaped public discourse on justice and fairness. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of how distributive beliefs evolve in contexts marked by persistent inequality and entrenched neoliberal frameworks
Keywords: Inequality Perception, meritocracy, Commodification, Chile, public preferences
Received: 23 May 2025; Accepted: 22 Aug 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Castillo, Laffert, Carrasco and Iturra-Sanhueza. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Juan Carlos Castillo, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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