Predictors of Intimate Partner Violence and Associated Marital Disruption among Ever-Married Women in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Multi-Country Analysis for Policy and Intervention Priorities

Judith Ifunanya Ani^*Lucky Norah Katende-Kyenda

• Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, South Africa

Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) remains a significant public health and human rights concern globally, disproportionately affecting women. This study investigates predictors of IPV and associated marital disruption among ever-married women across 25 sub-Saharan African countries, using cross-sectional data from the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS). Findings reveal a high prevalence of IPV and a significant association with marital disruption, particularly among younger women aged 25–29, those residing in rural areas, with primary education, and those in unions lasting 5–9 years. IPV was strongly linked to partner characteristics such as controlling behaviour, alcohol consumption, larger age gaps, and a history of witnessing parental violence - all of which also increased the likelihood of separation or divorce. Women who experienced any form of IPV had 56% lower odds of remaining in a current union, highlighting IPV as a critical driver of marital instability. The findings underscore the urgent need for targeted, context-specific interventions aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly Goal 5 on gender equality. Policy recommendations include promoting women's education and economic empowerment, engaging communities through awareness campaigns, and transforming harmful gender norms to prevent IPV and reduce its destabilizing effects on intimate relationships and family structures.