ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Sustain.
Sec. Circular Economy
Volume 6 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/frsus.2025.1568099
Business characteristics and leadership motivation in circular economy practices: A case study of small manufacturers in Dallas-Fort Worth
Provisionally accepted- Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, United States
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The circular economy (CE) provides an operational framework for businesses to reduce environmental impacts and achieve sustainability goals. Businesses are increasingly integrating CE practices into their operations; however, implementation varies by industry, business type, and size. Globally, small and medium sized businesses constitute the majority of all businesses, and their aggregated environmental impacts outweigh those of larger businesses. Small manufacturers, in particular, produce more pollution than other industries, and their shift to more sustainable practices aligned with the CE affects regional-to-local environmental conditions. Despite their significance, less is known about the CE practices of small and medium-sized enterprises, particularly those of small manufacturers. We distributed a survey to small manufacturers across Dallas-Fort Worth and received 69 valid responses from an initial list of 4,320 contacts for a survey response rate of 1.6%. We documented their use of CE practices and assessed the extent to which their leadership's motivation toward the environment and company characteristics influence the adoption of practices. Our results showed the adoption of CE practices by small manufacturers increased with stronger leadership motivation and was influenced by company characteristics. We found that disadvantaged manufacturers implemented more resource optimization practices than their non-disadvantaged counterparts, potentially reflecting social responsibility, supply chain pressures, or differentiation strategies. Environmental certifications were the most consistent indicator of broader CE adoption, particularly in product design, material sourcing, and waste management. Manufacturers with annual sales revenue above $10M also demonstrated higher adoption of CE practices related to waste reduction, resource efficiency, and product design compared to firms with lower sales. Similarly, higher-revenue firms showed stronger internal pressure to adopt CE practices. Yet difficult-to-implement practices, such as waste-to-energy initiatives, were often overlooked in favor of easy to implement practices, such as recycling initiatives, unless leadership demonstrated high motivation. These results highlight the need for more guidance, enhanced leadership self-determination, and supportive policies to improve broader CE adoption among small manufacturers.
Keywords: manufacturing industry1, motivation toward the environment scale2, sustainability3, sustainable development4, small businesses5
Received: 28 Jan 2025; Accepted: 31 May 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Howe and Lavy. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Brendan Lavy, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, United States
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