SYSTEMATIC REVIEW article
Front. Sustain.
Sec. Sustainable Organizations
Strategic Alignment of Policy, Innovation, and Stakeholders in Sustainable Biofuel Business Models: A Bibliometric Analysis
Provisionally accepted
- 1School of Business, Binus University, Jakarta, Indonesia
- 2BINUS University, West Jakarta, Indonesia
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Biofuels are critical to global energy transitions and sustainable development, yet biofuel business models (SBBMs) in emerging markets often suffer from weak alignment between policy frameworks, technological innovation, and stakeholder engagement, limiting their contribution to effective environmental governance. This study applies bibliometric analysis to map of global research trends (2006–2025) combined with triangulation from Indonesia's B40 biodiesel program, the highest mandatory biodiesel blend worldwide. , using keyword co-occurrence networks, trend topic mapping, thematic evolution, and three field plot evidence to trace how stakeholder engagement is represented and how strongly it is integrated with policy-technology research streams, complemented by contextual grounding through secondary evidence from Indonesia's B40 program, which represents one of the highest mandatory biodiesel blending initiatives globally. As a bibliometric study, this work offers an indirect and exploratory contribution by synthesizing patterns in the literature rather than testing causal effects or implementation outcomes. The Ffindings revealindicate strong thematic coupling between policy and technological innovation research streams, alongside a recurring pattern in which stakeholder-oriented concepts are present but comparatively peripheral and weakly integrated with governance alignment themes. linkages between policy and technological innovation, but persistent gaps in stakeholder integration and governance alignment. These gaps may weaken undermine the inclusivity and resilience of biofuel business strategies in supporting sustainability transitions. The paper proposes a strategic framework to align policy, innovation, and stakeholders, providing actionable directions for enhancing environmental governance and designing inclusive, resilient business models. This study advances understanding of how biofuel business models can evolve to address complex environmental management demands and stakeholder inclusion.SBBM strategies discussed in the literature and reduce their relevance for complex environmental management challenges. Building on the mapped evidence, the paper proposes an evidence-informed, propositional strategic framework to support alignment across policy, innovation, and stakeholder engagement. The framework offers actionable implications for strengthening environmental governance and guiding more inclusive, resilient biofuel business model design, particularly in emerging market contexts.
Keywords: bibliometric analysis, environmental governance, policy-innovation-stakeholder alignment, stakeholder engagement, sustainable biofuel business model, sustainable development
Received: 30 Oct 2025; Accepted: 23 Jan 2026.
Copyright: © 2026 Harjanti, Arief and Rahim. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Susy Harjanti
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