ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Sustain. Food Syst.
Sec. Land, Livelihoods and Food Security
Volume 9 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fsufs.2025.1533063
This article is part of the Research TopicLand Use and Food Sovereignty in AfricaView all 6 articles
Land Fragmentation and Green Farming: Livelihood Strategies and Resource Endowment in Sustainable Agriculture
Provisionally accepted
- 1Foreign Language Department, North Sichuan Medical University, Nanchong 637002, Sichuan, China, Chengdu, China
- 22. School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, North Sichuan Medical University, Nanchong 637002, Sichuan, China, Nanchong, China
- 3College of Education, Bazhong Vocational and Technical University, Bazhong 636000, Sichuan, China, Bazhong, China
- 44. College of Management, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China, Chengdu, China
- 5College of Economics and Management, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
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Land fragmentation poses a significant barrier to sustainable agricultural development by influencing farmers' willingness and ability to adopt green production practices. This study aims to examine how land fragmentation affects such adoption, with particular attention to the mediating role of livelihood strategies and the moderating effect of resource endowments. The study utilizes survey data from 650 farmers in the provinces of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Balochistan, Pakistan. To analyze the relationships, we employed ordinary least squares (OLS) regression, threshold effect models, as well as mediation and moderation effect models. The analysis reveals that land fragmentation generally constrains the adoption of green production practices. However, the relationship is non-linear, exhibiting an inverted U-shape: moderate fragmentation can initially facilitate green adoption, while excessive fragmentation hinders itthem. Furthermore, livelihood strategies mediate this relationship, and resource endowments play a significant positive moderating role. The effects also diffevaryr across farmer generations, indicating heterogeneous behavioral responses. The findings underscore the complex and dynamic influence of land fragmentation on green agricultural practices. Policymakers should focus on resource integration, land-use optimization, and support for diversified livelihood strategies to promote sustainable agricultural development.
Keywords: Land fragmentation, Green production practices, Threshold effects, Livelihood strategies, Resource endowments
Received: 23 Nov 2024; Accepted: 04 Jun 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Das, Lufeng, Xiaohong, Hailian, Tunio and Khan. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Li Lufeng, 2. School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, North Sichuan Medical University, Nanchong 637002, Sichuan, China, Nanchong, China
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